|
|
  
1239
waygif;vqef;(2)&uf jrif;jcHNrdKUe,f pGef;vGef;&GmwGif tbOD;oefU?
trda':wkwfwkdUrS zGm;jrifcJhNyD; i,femrnf armifausmf'if jzpf\/ i,fpOfu
jrif;jcHNrdKU rif;ausmif;q&mawmfxH tyfESHí pmayoifapcJhaomfvnf; ÓPfxHkxkdif;vSí pmaumif;pGmrwwfcJh/
(15)ESpf t&G,fwGif zcifOD;oefYESifhtwl
jrif;NcHNrdKU ta&;ykdifrif;½Hk;awmfü rif;cpm;(0g)rif;aptjzpf
0ifa&muf trIxrf;\/ t&G,fa&mufaomtcg wpf&Gmwnf;ae ra&T&DESifhvufxyfNyD;
om;orD; (4)a,muf xGef;um;aomfvnf; (3)a,mufrSm i,fpOfuyif aoqHk;cJh\/
,morm;b0jzifh ukodkvfjyKqkawmif;jcif;ukdausmf'ifonf rif;cpm;tvkyfjzifh
wkd;wuf&ef vrf;prjrifí touf
(30)t&G,fwGif
tvkyfrSEkwfxGufNyD; rdbwkdU\ vufikwf,mtvkyf vkyfukdif\/ ,mopfwpfuGuf xyf0,fNyD;
,mopfxJwGif ESrf;BuJ&mrS ESrf;wif;a& (40)wdwdxGufojzifh qDBudwfNyD;?
bk&m; (9)ydom? oHCm(9)ydomvSL\/ (8.10.1919)wGif a&pufcsy&dwf
w&m;em,lNyD;
nbufwGif &Gmta&SUawmifbufapwDü qDrD;rsm;xGef;n§dylaZmf\/ <ua&mufvmaom
y&dowfrsm;ukd a':a&T&Du uGrf;aq;vufzufjzifh {nfhcHaepOf OD;ausmf'ifonf
apwDawmfem;uyfNyD; qDrD;rsm;ukdMunfhae\/ qDrD;rD;pmtzsm;rS rJvmNyD;qDrD;nGeYfuav;rsm;
wvQyfvQyfESifh qDrsm;qlyGufaeonfukd jrif&aomtcg MuufoD;arG;n§if;xum
OD;ausmf'ifwpfukd,fvHk; wkefwkefoGm;\/ tckaetcg igqkawmif;&&if &awmhrSmyJ[k
,HkMunfaeckduf? &[ef;abmifwufvkdaom qE´jyif;jypGm jzpfay:vmojzifh
]]&[ef;jzpf&ygvkd\/ &[ef;jzpfaomtcg
w&m;a[majymqHk;r&ygvkd\/ owå0gawG iga[majymqHk;rwJhtwkdif; iguJhokdY
w&m;usifhMuHtm;xkwfEkdifMuygapownf;}} [k vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ oabmus qkawmif;vkduf\/
qkawmif;wJhtwkdif;&awmhrSmyJ [kvnf;
tvGef0rf;omae\/ xkdESpfrSmyif Opömypönf; txl;wkd;wufvmojzifh ckaersm;aooGm;&if
ukokdvfqkdvkdU wpfpufrSr&Sdbl;? tukokdvfcsnf;yJ? ypönf;uvnf; 'DESpfrS
odyfwkd;wufavawmh aocsifvkdYyJvm;[k awG;awmrdNyD; ao&rSm taMumufBuD; aMumufvmrd\/
1920 rwfv nwpfnwGif ]]ig,ckompum;ajymr,f? aemufukd igpum;rajymawmhbl;}}
[k bk&m;qif;wkawmfu pum;ajymonfukd tdyfrufruf\/ aemufrsm;rMumrD vrf;rSefvdkufcsif&if
vrf;qHkvrf;rvrf;av;cGuaeapmifhyg? vrf;rSefjywwfwJhyk*¾dKvf ay:vmygvdrfhr,f[k
tdyfrufrufjyef\/ tdyfruftwkdif; vrf;qHkvrf;rvrf;av;cG axmifhwGif&Sdaom
OD;ausmf'if\tdrfa&SUwGif r@yfxkd;&m (3)&ufajrmufnwGif pwD;b&m;om;
pufxJrS pma&;BuD;OD;bpHryifhrzdwfbJ a&mufvmNyD; v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\
0dyóemtmemyge taMumif;ajymjy\/ tmemyge[k Mum;vdkufvQifyif OD;ausmf'ifonf
MuufoD;awG wjzef;jzef;ESifhjzpfvmNyD;? 'Dw&m;awmhigtm;xkwf&&if &awmhrSmyJ[k
,HkMunfNyD; 0rf;omrd\/ xkdUaemuf ighrSmpmwpfvHk;rS rwwfbl;? w&m;tvkyfu pmwwfrSjzpfr,fqkd&if
tcufyJ
[kvnf; awG;rdjyef\/
tpokdY
pmwwfwm?rwwfwm
vkd&if;r[kwfygbl; ? o'¨geJU0D&d, omvkd&if;yg[k aemufaeYnwGif
pma&;BuD;OD;bpHuajymojzifh rkcsw&m;&awmhrSmyJ[k ,HkMunfNyD;
tvGefxufoefaom o'¨g?0D&d,jzifh tmemygeur®|mef;tvkyfukd
tm;xkwfawmh\/ wpfaeYwGif OD;a&Tvkyfa&mufvmNyD; todvkduf&ao;w,f? ukokdvf&w,f[kajymojzifh
ukokdvf&&ifvkyfr,fuGmqkdNyD; &SLjyefvnf; ESmoD;zsm;rSm avwdk;xdawmhodw,f?
odwJhtay:rSm owdxm;NyD;&SL\/ vrf;oGm;vnf; ajrBuD;eJY ajcz0g;xdawmh odw,f?
odwJhtay:rSmowdxm;NyD;oGm;\/ aygif;xkd;awmhvnf;owdeJYxkd;? aygufwl;aygufvnf;
owdeJYayguf? a&cyfvnf; owdeJYcyf\/ aeYnrjywf tcsdef&wkdif;
tdrf(odkY),mcif;xJwGifw&m;tm;xkwfonfhtjyif armif&ifay:acsmufawmxJüvnf;
o'¨g?0D&d,
xufoefpGmjzifh nOhftdyfnaetm;xkwfjyef\/ tm;xkwfygrsm;ojzifh ukd,fay:ü 'ku©a0'emrsm;
ay:vmaomtcga0'em\rNrJjcif;ESifhqif;&Jjcif;oufoufrQom&dSaom trSefw&m;udk
odap&ef
a0'emay:owduyfjyef\/ orm"dtm;aumif;vmNyD; tvif;a&mifrsm;ay:vmaomtcg
ig'Dw&m;tm;xkwfvkdY bk&m;a&mifjcnfawmfzl;&w,f[k 0rf;omtm;&jzifh
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjyef\/
rjywfrvyf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfyg rsm;vmonfESifhtrQ pum;ajymvQifyg rdrdem;vnfvmaom
obm0w&m;ukdom ajymawmhjcif;aMumifh t&yfxJuvlrsm;ESifh pum;ajymrwnfh jzpfvm\/
t&yfxJ&Sdvlrsm;u 'Dtaumifawmh ½l;NyD?½l;NyD[k ajymMu\/
OD;ausmf'ifurl ½l;wmaumif;w,f ac:ol? ajymolr&Sdbl;? pum;vnf;rajym&bl;?
ae&musvkdufwmqkdNyD; w&m;tvkyfukdom aertm;nrtm; tm;xkwfawmh\/ orm"dtm;
tvGefaumif;vmojzifh rdrdcE¨mukd,fukd rSefxJrSmjrif&ovkd vlawGAkdufxJrS
tonf;ESvHk;upNyD; ukd,ft*Fgtpdwftykdif;wkdYukd aocsmpGmjrif&\/ atmufMunfhjyefvQifvnf;
acG;aoaumifykyfrSm avmufawGacgif;csif;pDNyD; wkd;a0SUaeovkd i&Jol i&Jom;rsm;ukd
jrif&\/ avmuD[m tifrwefaumif;wm? iguHaumif;axmufrvkdY [kdbuful;Ekdifwm[k
orxtm½Hkrsm;ESifhywfoufí owday;awmfrlcJh\/
tpokdY
1920 {NyDvcefYwGif w&m;pwiftm;xkwfcJh&m
(12.8.1920) n (10)em&D cefYwGif yxrtBudrf w&m;xl;&awmfrl\/
qufvufw&m;tm;xkwfaomtcg a':a&T&Du tdrftvkyf
ysufw,fqkdum plaqmifhNyD; w&m;tm;xkwfaeaom OD;ausmf'iftm; ckwifay:rS wGef;cs\/
Murf;jym;rsm;ukdvnf; wpfacsmif;pDtukefqGJEkwf \/ aemufqHk; Murf;wpfacsmif;rQ
rusefaomfvnf; OD;ausmf'ifu qifhay:wGifayNyD; rvIyfr,Suf tm;xkwfNrJ tm;xkwfae\/
bmrStoHk;rusbl; awrdvkdyJ? 'gavmufawmif w&m;tm;xkwfcsif&if ausmif;oGm;NyD;
bkef;BuD;vkyfaeygvm; ponfjzifh aeUpOfvkdvkd trsKd;rsKd; jrnfwGefawmufwD;? qlylBudrf;armif;
ajymqkdonfukdvnf; cH&\/ 'ku©a0'emay:rSm owdvkdufygrsm;vmonfESifhtrQ
a'gojzpf&rnfhtpm; wpfpxufwpfp onf;cHvmEkdifjcif;aMumifh olwumu ]eifhtar?
eifhESreJY} qJvkdufvQif rBudKufwJhpdwfjzpf ay:vmaomfvnf; a'goygvm;[k owd&vdkufjcif;aMumifh
a'goqufrjzpfawmhbJ tjzpfvnf;enf;vm\/ ½lyg½Hkuav; jrifaomtcg
om,mrIjzpfvmaomfvnf; om,mwmu avmb? rsufpdujrif½kHwifjrifwm ½lyg½kHuonm?
eifeJYbmqdkifowHk; [laomtodu om,mrIudkjzwfvdkuf\/ aemufawmh Mum;wmvnf; todeJYjzwf?
xdwmvnf; todeJYjzwf? eHwmvnf; todeJYjzwff? xkdokdY jzwfjzwfoGm;&if; tm½HkaemufodkYvdkufaompdwf
rsm;enf;vmonfESifhtrQ avmuDom,mpdwfrsm;vnf; wjznf;jznf;enf;vm\/ qufvuf
tm;xkwf&m (11.9.1920) n(10)em&DcefYwGif 'kwd,tBudrf w&m;xl;&awmfrljyef\/
wpfBudrf&NyD;jzpfí oGm;vrf;vmvrf; odNyD;jzpfojzifh twGif;a0'emwufjcif;rQavmufom
xl;jcm;\/ OD;ausmf'ifonf rnfolUukdrQ *½krpkdufbJ rdrdw&m;
tvkyfukdom ravQmhwrf; ZGJoefoefjzifh BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJh&m (10.10.1920)
n(10)em&DcefYwGif
wpfukd,fvHk;&SdorQ taMumtjcifawG
jywfoGm;rwwf tvGefjyif;xefvSonfha0'emukd onf;cHNyD;aemuf wwd,tBudrfw&m;xl;ukd &awmfrljyef\/
aemufwpfaeYü rdrda&SUwGif rdk;BudK;usaomfvnf; tvsif;yif rxdwfvefYrwkefvIyfawmhonfudk
awGU&\/
vlY0wfaMumifb0udk aocef;?&Sifcef;jzwfjcif;
qufvufw&m;tm;xkwf&if; tm½Hkaemuf
wpfaumufaumuf vkdufaeMuonfh vlawGMum;raevkdpdwf? &[ef;jyKvkdpdwf jyif;xefpGm
jzpfay:vmojzifh ZeD;onfxH omoemabmif 0ifcGifhawmif;&m cGifhrjyKojzifh tawmfMumoGm;\/
wjcm;vlrsm;uyg a':a&T&Dudk em;csawmhrS q,fhav;ig;&ufcefY cGifhay;aomfvnf;
a':a&T&Du
x,fa&;yufvufeJYrkdY &[ef;rcHrD yJuav;BuJay;cJh&ef ajymojzifh yJBuJ&ef
(1.11.1920) wGif EGm;wpf&SOf; ESifh ,mxJqif;&jyef\/ ,mxJa&mufí xGefay:wuf?
EGm;aigufaomtcg b,fwkef;urS
xHkayay raewwfaom EGm;ESpfaumifonf vSnfh
Munfh?vSnfhMunfhESifh roGm;bJ &yfaeMu\/ igawmhrjzpfacsbl;? EGm;ESpfaumifuawmif
ESifaeygayghvm;? 'DwpfcgrS udk,fh[mudk,frqHk;jzwfEdkif&if bmtoHk;usao;vJ[k
udk,fhudk,fukd,ftjypfwifNyD; xGefay:uqif;? xGefuvefYudkjzKwf? xGefudkif;
udkudkif? xGefwHk;udkaxmifum rif;wdkYeJY igeJYawmh aocef;&Sifcef;jywfua&mayghuG,f
[kqdkNyD; EGm;ESpfaumifudkyg BudK;jzKwfí ab;rJhay;vdkufawmh\/
bkef;BuD;ausmif;odkY toGm;vrf;wGif a':wifu {uoDtEGrf;uav;wpfxnfudk a':a&T&DrodapeJY
[krSmNyD;ay;vdkuf\/ bkef;BuD;ausmif; a&mufaomtcg bkef;BuD;u oif;ydkifwpfxnfpGefYNyD; &Sifu0dqdkaombGJUESihf &SifomraPtjzpf
csD;jr§ifhay;vdkuf\/ qkawmif;wmeJY &[ef;jzpfwm wpfESpfomMum\/ omraPjzpfonfESihfwpfNydKifeuf &Sifu0donf
pGef;vGef;&Gm awmifbuf armif&ifay:acsmufodkY wpfudk,fwnf;oGm;NyD; w&m;tm;xkwfaeawmh\/
OD;ausmf'ifouFef;0wfNyD; (5) &uftMumwGif OD;a&Tvkyfvnf; &Sif0dZ,trnfESihf
ouFef;0wfNyD; &Sifu0dESihftwl vma&mufaexdkif\/
tpokdY
wpfaeY ausmif;ab;em;wGif rdIBuD;wpfyGifhaygufaeonfudk
udk&ifBuD;&Sifu0dawGYjrif&í qGJEkwfvdkuf&m rdIiHkuav;rsm;yg
wpftHkvHk;ygvmojzifh oHo&m0#f'ku©rS uRwfvGwfawmhrnfh
twdwfedrdwf[k tm;wufum t½dk;aMuaMu ta&crf;crf; rjywfrvyf aemufrqkwfwrf;
qufvuftm;xkwf\/ (9.11.1920) t*FgaeYn (10)em&DcefYwGif aiGapmif;wef;BuD;wpfckudk
jrifvmNyD; 0D0D0D0D[k jrnfvsuf &xm;ysHwpfpif; tvGeft&Sdefjyif;pGmjzifh
rdrdxH wnfhwnfhvmaeonfudk awGUaomfvnf; *½krpdkufbJ
w&m;udkom tm;xkwfNrJ tm;xkwfaepOf cE¨mudk,fBuD;ayghvmum
txufodkYajrmufoGm;\/ NidrfhceJjzpfoGm;ojzifh
Munfhaomtcg &xm;u rdrdatmufodkYa&mufaeNyD; axmifhav;axmifhwGif
ewfrif;BuD;av;yg;ESifh vuf,mbufwGif odMum;rif;udkjrif&jcif;aMumifh
w&m;xl;&awmhrnfjzpfí vma&mufapmifha&Smufonf[k xifrdNyD; £&d,mykwfudk
rjyifbJ w&m;tm;xkwfNrJtm;xkwf&mrS pwkw¬
tBudrf aemufqHk;w&m;xl;udk &jcif;jzpf\/ &Sifu0donf udpöNyD;onfESihf
owd&í Munfhvdkuf&m odMum;rif;tygt0if
ewfrif;BuD;av;yg;ESifh
&xm;ysHyg uG,faysmufoGm;Mu\/ xdkodkY pwkw¬
r*f&NyD;aemuf txufb0*frS atmuft0Dpdwdkifatmif [if;vif;jyifBuD;jzpfum
tukeftpifjrif&\/ twGif;avmuoHk;yg;? tjyifavmuoHk;yg;? bk&m;*kPfawmf?
w&m;*kPfawmfrsm;udkvnf;
uGufuGufuGif;uGif;odjrifvm\/ ewfjynfjyefoGm;Muaom odMum;rif;ESihfewfrif;BuD;av;yg;u
vlYjynfrSm &[EÅmwpfyg;ay:xGef;aeNyD
oGm;zl;Mu[kwpfcJeuf a<u;aMumfaeonfudkyg awGUjrif&\/ xdkYaemuf bkr®pdk;? ½ku©pdk;ewfrsm;ESifhwuG
txufewfjA[®mrsm; zl;arQmfuefawmhvmMuonfudk MunfhrqHk;Edkifatmif jrif&\/
twdwfb0 ZmwfaMumif;taxGaxG
&Sifu0donf rdrdb,fb0uvmonfudk tusKd;ay:uaeNyD; taMumif;udk qifjcifMunfh&m
wd&pämeftrsKd;rsKd; jzpfcJhonfursm;NyD; vlb0&wm tvGefenf;aMumif;awGU&\/
usifvnfcJhorQ b0rsm;udk MunfhrqHk;Edkifojzifh b,fb0utaMumif;aMumifh ,ckb0tusKd;xl;&onfudk
tjrefodatmif t"d|mef,lNyD; MunfhawmhrS ,ckb'´urÇm uóybk&m;
vufxufawmfu aus;om;Muufwla&G;
b0jzifh bk&m;&Siftm; opfoD;uyfvSL qkawmif;cJhzl;aomtaMumif;udk
awGU&\/ t[dwfwd&pämefyif jzpfaomfvnf; yg&rDtxHkESihf ukodkvf[kefruif;aomaMumifh
uóybk&m;&Sifudk zl;jrif&onfh
wpfcPü tvGefxl;jrwfwJh yk*d¾Kvfygvm;[k
atmufarhqifjcif aZmapwem0ifojzifh uóy
bk&m;&SifxHawmfyg;ü tawmifESpfbufxdyfrSm ,Sufrdk;vsuf &Sdcdk;ylaZmfum
opfoD;qGrf;vSL'gef;&Sm\/ bk&m;&Sifu tvSLcHawmfrlNyD; þ'geaumif;rIaMumifh
oifvdkvm; awmifhwwJhqktwdkif; jynfhpHkapvdkY rdefYcGef;awmfacRvdkuf\/
bk&m;&Sif
<uoGm;awmfrlonfudk ½IarQmf&if; þt&Sifjrwftm; wwfpGrf;orQ
opfoD;qGrf;'gejzifh qufuyfvSL'gef;&onfrSm vGefpGmtzdk;xdkufavpG[k aus;om;av;rSm
0rf;omtm;& &Tifvef;pGmjzifh >rufqdkusL;&ifh\/ xl;jrwfaom apwemaZm
tvGefoefojzifh aus;om;b0 pkawaomtcg umrok*wd ckepfbHkwGif olwumeJYrwlatmif pnf;pdrfawGtrsKd;rsKd;
cHpm;cJh&NyD; vlYjynfodkY a&mufjyefawmhvnf; wuúodkvfjynfXmeü tvGefxif&Sm;aom
ygarmu©q&mBuD;wpfyg; jzpf&jyef\/ aq;q&mBuD;b0wkef;u awGYMuHKqufqHzl;olwdkif;
ighxHa&mufMuvdrfhr,f? igqHk;rwJhtwdkif; ighw&m;udk tm;xkwfEdkifMuvdrfhr,f[k
trdefY&SdawmfrlcJhzl;\/
¤if;b0rS wpfzefpkawí oHo&musifvnfcJhjyefaomf a*gwrbk&m;omoemawmftwGif;
ok0PÖ
bkrd®oxHkjynfBuD;udk pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfawmfrlcJhaom omoemh'g,um
rEk[mrif;BuD; qnf;uyfudk;uG,f&m bm;rJhq&mawmf jzpf&jyef\/ 4if;b0rS
wpfzefpkawí oHo&musifvnfcJhjyef&mrS jrif;NcHNrdKU
pGef;vGef;&Gm&dS
crnf;awmfOD;oefY? r,fawmfa':wkwf\ 0rf;wGif udef;atmif;í pGef;vGef;*lausmif;
q&mawmfavmif;vsmudk arG;zGm;vmjcif;jzpf\/
udk,fhtusdK;atmifvdkY trsm;tusdK;aqmifEdkifNyD
&[ef;udpöNyD;onfhaemuf ESpfaygif; (31)ESpfwdkifwdkif a0ae,srsm;pGmwdkY\
tusdK;twGuf edAÁmefvrf;jy w&m;tm;xkwfenf;ESihf opömav;yg;w&m;awmfjrwfrsm;udk
a[mMum;nGefjy qHk;rawmfrloGm;\/ pGef;vGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;xHwGif q&mpjE´ w&m;tm;xkwfpOfu
wynfhawmf ynm"du bk&m;qk yefxm;ygonfbk&m;?
þb0wGifr*fw&m;?zdkvfw&m;rvdkcsifao;yg[k
avQmufrd&m pGef;vGef;q&mawmfBuD;u rif;owåd
aumif;wJhaumifyJ? cHayOD;awmh? wdkYawmhat;&mudk
jrefjrefoGm;csifNyD? at;wJhae&mtaumif;qHk;yJ[k
rdefYawmfrlNyD;aemuf av;ig;ESpfcefYtMum (17.5.
1952) paeaeYwGif cE¨m0efcsawmfrl\/ ]]igao&ifbmrSrvkyfeJY xdk;xm;vdkuf}}
[laom rdefYMum;csuftwdkif; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ (tl? tonf;
xkwfjcif;? aq;pdrfaq;xdk;jcif; r&dSbJ) yu"d rykyfrodk;aom ½kyfuvmyfawmfudk
jrif;NcHNrdKUwGif ,aeYwdkif zl;awGUEdkifyg\/
pGef;vGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf
pmrwwfbJ w&m;xl;&atmif usifhMuHtm;xkwfEdkifoltjzpfjzifh bk&m;&Sif\wdrfjr§Kyfaeaom
y#dywdåomoemESihf y#da0"omoemudk t&Sdeft[kef
jyif;pGmjzifh jyefvnftpjyK azmfxkwfay;cJhonfhtjyif ,aeYwdkifvnf; xdodowd
pGef;vGef;w&m;
tm;xkwfenf;jzifh bk&m;&Sif\ y#dywdåomoemudk
tcdkiftrm tm;jznfh&yfwnf ay;vQuf&Sdyg\/
tpokdY
| a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif 
|