Nothing is Everything
About Sayadaw Buddha
Title Page Button
Home page button
About Sayadaw button
Learn the Method button
Teachings button
Meditation Experiences button
Meditation Center button
Pictures  button
Contact us

]]tdyfaysmfaecsdefrSwpfyg; w&m; tm;xkwfvdkY r&aom tcsdefr&dS? b,ftcgrqdk r*fzdkvf &atmif tm;xkwf EdkifwhJ tcsdeftcgcsnf;yJ/ tcsdefudk ttm;vHk;0 rxm;bJ w&m; ESvHk;oGif;yg/}}

O',AÁ,ÓPf(jzpfysufjrifw,fqdkwm 'Dae&mjzpfNyD; 'Dae&mysufoGm;oudk;vdkY ÓPfa&mufwmudkqdkwmyg/ t½IcHeJY½IÓPfNydKifrjzpfEdkifwJhtwGuf wu,fjrifvdkufwmuawmh r&dSwm odwmygyJ/ cE¨mudk,fMunfhvdkufvdkY&dS&if bmrSrawGUapeJY? yxrawmh awGUcsifawGUrSmayghav? aemufawmhbmay:ay: jzpfNyD;ysufoGm;(r&dSawmh)wmav;om ÓPfxJrSmawGUygap/]]tckr&dSawmhbl;? tckr&dSawmhbl;}} qdkwmav;awGu odrfarGYaeawmh ÓPfrSyJ xdk;azmufodEdkifw,f/ 'DÓPf&&if 'Db0wif udpöNyD;w,fvdkYrSwfyg/ 'DÓPf&ifhatmifom vkyfayawmh? MuyfMuyf½Iay;/ bmrSaemufjyef MunfhraeeJY? tNyD;vkyfawmhr,fqdkwmom qHk;jzwfcsufcsyg/ BudK;pm;&if raygufr&Sdygbl;/

q&mawmfavmif;vsm armifvSabmfudk rEÅav;wdkif;? O,smOfawmf&Gmü OD;atmifxGef;? a':a&TtdyfwdkYrS (27.12.1899)Ak'¨[l;aeY? rGef;vGJ 2em&D30rdepfwGif arG;zGm;cJh\/ rdbrsm;rSm pD;yGm;a&;tqifajyaom v,f,mvkyfief;ESifh &ufuef;vkyfief;ydkif&Sifrsm;jzpfMu\/ arG;csif; armifESr(8)a,mufteuf (5)a,mufajrmufjzpf\/ i,fpOfuav;b0 wpfcgwpf&H om;&SifjyKyGJusif;yí upm;MuonfhtcgrsdK;wGif armifvSabmfu &GmOD;ausmif;bkef;BuD;tjzpf uefawmhcH&\/ O,smOfawmf&Gm rlvwef;ausmif;ü pmBudK;pm;aom ausmif;om;tjzpf 4-wef;atmifNyD;aom (9)ESpfom;t&G,fwGif xdk&Gm&dS ]]a*G;yifawm&ausmif;}}q&mawmfOD;Zm*&xHüyif &Sif0drvbGJUjzifh omraPabmif0ifcJh\/ (12)ESpft&G,fwGif wef;ay:wGifacgufwifxm;aom udk&if\ouFef;udk ysm;rsm;yxrqHk;tBudrf 0dkif;tHkodkufzGJUpGJMu\/ 14-ESpft&G,fwGif tbd"r®mn0goif&eftwGuf a*G;yifawm&q&mawmfBuD;\ cGifhjyKcsuft& tpfrav;oDv&Sif&dS&m 4-rdkifcefYa0;aom tr&yl&NrdKY? r*FvmwdkufodkY wpfyg;wnf; pGefYpGefYpm;pm; xGufvmcJh\/ r*Fvmausmif;wdkuf q&mawmfOD;okZmw udk,fwdkifu o'´gbufqdkif&m ½lyod'¨dudktjcm;omraP? &[ef;i,frsm;ESifhtwl oifMum;ay;NyD; q&mawmf\nTefMum;csuft& troDv&Sifu udk&if0drvtm; tbd"r®mn0goifMum;&eftwGuf q&mBuD;OD;tkef;xHwGif tyfESHay;\/ oufawmf(20)&[ef;cH,laomaeYwGif odrfrSxGufNyD; acR;pdk&TJaeaomouFef;udk wef;ay:odkY cPwifvSef;xm;&m rdepfydkif;twGif;rSmyif ysm;rsm;'kwd,tBudrfvma&mufodkufzGJUpGJMujyef\/

tpokdY

pmcsbkef;BuD;av;b0

q&mBuD;OD;tkef;\ vufxyfoifay;rI? vufwGJac:rIwdkYaMumifh pmcsbkef;BuD;uav; jzpfrSef;rodjzpf&mrS odu©mawmf(5)0grSpí tr&yl&NrdKUr*Fvmausmif;wdkuftwGif; ausmif;xdkifpmcstjzpf tbd"r®mn0gusrf;rsm;udk ydkYcsay;&mrS pmoifom;rsm;vG,fulap&ef &nf&G,fí ,rurOÆ&Dusrf;udk 1927wGif a&;om;xkwfa0cJh\/ udk&ifb0uyif t&yfxJqGrf;cH&if; oDvay;? a&pufcs? xdkrSwpfqifhw&m;a[m&mrS w&m;a[m0goemygvmNyD; [dku?'Duvmyifhaom w&m;yGJuav;rsm;odkYyg vdkufa[may;vm\/ wjznf;jznf;ESifh 0gwGif;oHk;vywfvHk;vnf; vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; OykofZ&yfwdkYü tbd"r®mw&m;rsm;udk a[mMum;awmfrl\/

tpokdY

 

udk,fhudpöNyD;atmifw&m;tm;xkwfjcif;

xdkodkYpmcs? usrf;pma&;? w&m;a[mudpörsm;jzifh tvkyfrsm;aepOf tpfudk&if;yrm teD;uyfqHk;roGefoifvmcJhaom aemifawmfBuD;OD;em*0Ho (atmifjcif;&Spfyg;q&mawmf)\ ]]w&m;a[m pmcswm ukodkvf&½HkavmufygyJ? udk,fhudpö udk,fpdwfcs&atmifvkyfzdkY vdkao;w,f}}[k owday;csuft& pma&;?pmcs?w&m;a[mcsdefwdkYudk twdkif;twmjzifh uefYowfvdkufNyD; useftcsdef[lorQ udk,fhtwGufcsnf;,lum 0dyóemw&m; pwiftm;xkwf\/ rEÅav;? rHk&Gm? rif;uGef;a'orsm;odkY q&maumif;rsm; oGm;a&muf&SmrSD;\/ rdrduJhodkY w&m;tm;xkwfvdkpdwf jzpfay:vmatmifvnf; ]]ykxkZÆe tvif;jyusrf;}} usrf;i,fwpfapmifa&;om;cJh\/ v,fwD"r®uxduq&mawmfOD;y'kr\ pm;a&;yifhavQmufcsuft& anmifav;yifNrdKUodkYvnf;aumif;? ausmif;'umBuD;OD;v,f? ZeD;a':odkif;NcHKwdkU\yifhaqmifcsuft& rdk;ukwfNrdKUodkYvnf;aumif; ESpfpOf<ua&mufí tbd"r®mw&m;rsm;a[mMum;&\/ 1936wGifrdk;ukwfNrdKYrS 'um?'umrrsm;uyif q&mawmfOD;0drvpmcs? oDwif;oHk;&eftwGuf tr&yl& r*Fvmwdkufa[mif;twGif;ü ausmif;BuD;wpfaqmif aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;\/ rdk;ukwf'um?'umrrsm;udk taMumif;jyKívnf; rdk;ukwfq&mawmf[k trnfwGifvm\/ 'kwd,urÇmppfrjzpfrD (1939)wGif q&mawmfonf oD[dkVfuRef;odkY aumif;uifrS ysH<uum r[mapwDBuD;udk zl;arQmfuefawmh&if; apwDawmfBuD;udk jyKjyifoefU&Sif;vsuf omoem jyK&onf[k tdyfrufjrifrufawmfrl\/ rMumrD oD[dkVfuRef;r[mapwDa*gyutzGJU\ avQmufxm;csuft& rdk;ukwf'um?'umrrsm; tultnDjzifh wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifaom pdefzl;awmfBuD;udk ausmufrsuf&wemrsm; pDjc,fum wifvSLEdkifcJh\/ (1947)wGif &efukefNrdKU AdkvfwaxmifapwDawmfüvnf; rdk;ukwf'um? 'umrrsm;tultnDjzifh &wempdefzl;awmfudk wifvSLcJhjyef\/ 'kwd,urÇmppftwGif; (1942)ZGefvrSpí rdk;ukwfNrdKUrS (4)rdkifcefY uGma0;aom abmfywef;&Gmt0if ausmufvdIPf*lBuD;twGif; av;ESpfav;rdk;vHk;vHk; wpfyg;wnf; tcsdefrSefrSef w&m;tm;xkwfoDwif;oHk;&if; twGif;udavom &efolrsm;udk tNyD;owf atmifjrifawmfrl\/

tpokdY

opömw&m;rdk;rsm;&GmoGef;jcif;

(1945)atmufwkdbmvwGifrS rdk;ukwfNrdKUodkYjyef<uvmNyD; 0dyóemtvkyfpcef;w&m;rsm; qufwdkufa[mMum;awmh\/ ,cifua[maom w&m;rsm;xuf ppfNyD;umvwGif a[maomw&m;wdkYuav;eufrI tjynfht0ydk&dSvm\/w&m;a[mvQif toH0g0gBuD;? atmifvnf;atmif? jrnfvJjrnf\/ toHtedrfhtjrifh toHaetoHxm;jzifh a[mjcif;r[kwf? taMumif;t&mwpfckudk ½dk;½dk;t&yfoHk;pum;jzifh em;vnfoabmaygufvG,fatmif &Sif;jyjcif;rsdK;omjzpf\/ tcsdKYae&mrsm;wGif cdkifvHkap&ef bk&m;a[ma'oemygVdudk tenf;i,frQ om"uxkwfwwf\/ b,fbufodkYrQrapmif;bJ w&m;vrf;aMumif;twdkif; obm0ususa[mjywwf\/ xdkYaMumifh rdk;ukwfNrdKUw&m;yGJrsm;wGif Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;omru *l*sm&wD?yef*smyDponfh tjcm;bmom0ifvlrsdK;rsm;vnf; vma&mufw&m;xdkifMu\/ q&mawmf\w&m;rSm em½Hkomem&onfhw&m;rsdK;r[kwf vufawGUusifhBuHtm;xkwf&rnfhw&m;jzpfojzifh w&m;em,lNyD;vQiftcsdKYu xdkae&müyif qufvufí w&m;½IrSwfaeawmh\/ 'um?'umrrsm;\awmifhwcsuft& 1952Edk0ifbmvusrS tr&yl&NrdKUodkY jyefvnf<ua&mufvmNyD; y&dowf tpdwf-oHk;q,fcefYjzifhpwifí 0dyóemw&m;rsm; a[mMum;&mrS wjznf;jznf;rsm;onfxuf rsm;vm\/ tr&yl&wGif w&m;a[mpu w&m;a[myv’ifvnf;r&dSao;? tdyfckwifay:wGif ikwfwkwfxdkifa[m\/ xifvG,fjrifvG,fatmifteD;&dS uGrf;tpfxJrS uGrf;oD;vHk;uav;rsm;udk aumuf,lcsjywwf\/ q&mawmf\a[majymcsufrsm;udk vufcHem;vnfoabmaygufojzifh y&dowftavsmhr&dS twdk;om&dS\/ tr&yl&wGifw&m;pa[mNyD; (2)vavmuftMumwGif rEÅav;rSpma&;q&ma&TOa'gif; ESifhtazmfjzpfol OD;wifarmifwdkYESpfOD; w&m;vmemMu\/ w&m;yGJtNyD;wGif olwdkYESpfOD;u r&Sif;wmqufar;onfudk q&mawmfupdwf&Snfvuf&Snf ajzMum;ay;aomfvnf; r,Hkovdk&dSonfESifhq&mawmfu ]]usKyfuig;ESpftm;xkwfNyD;rS a[mwmyg}}[k rdefYawmfrl\/ toHzrf;pufrsm; txdkuftavsmuf 0,f,l&Edkifvmaom 1954wGifrS &if;EDS;aom'umrsm;wdkifyifpDpOfí BudK;pm;Muojzifh q&mawmfa[mMum;NyD; avxJaysmufaysmufoGm;aomw&m;awmfrsm;udk 1955wGifrS uRrf;uRrf;usifusiftoHzrf;,lvmEdkif\/

tpokdY

q&mawmfBuD;\w&m;tiftm;aMumifh ay:aygufvmaom aemifvmaemufom;rsm;twGuf tarGxm;&pfcJonfU

w&m;a[m"r®m½HkESifh&dyfomrsm;

w&m;emy&dowf tqrwef rsm;vmjcif;aMumifh rdk;ukwfausmif;BuD; ay:wGif rqefYawmhojzifh 1954{NyDvxJwGif tr&yl&NrdKYrS OD;xGef;Munf?a':apmOD;wdkYu ]]"r®okc&dyfom}}[k trnfay;xm;aom w&m;a[m"r®m½HkBuD;wpfckudk vuf&dSa':a':zkHvSL'gef;aom rdk;ukwfausmif;BuD;\ awmifbufuyfvsufü aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;\/ 1954atmufwdkbmvrSpí tbd"r®m n0gydkYcsrIudk wynfhBuDrsm;tm; vTJtyfNyD; 0dyóemtvkyfay;w&m; oufoufudkom a[mawmfrlawmh\/ xdkaemufydkif; rdk;ukwfq&mawmf\ w&m;yGJodkY tr&yl& rSomru ppfudkif;? rHk&Gm? a&Tbdk? rEÅav;? jrpfi,f? ausmufqnf? rdw¬Dvm? jrif;NcH ponfhNrdKYrsm;rS um;BuD;?um;i,fwdkYjzifh aeYpOfvmMuaom y&dowfwdkYrSm 0uf0ufuGJrQ jzpf\/ "r®m½HkrqefYatmif y&dowfrsm;vmjyefojzifh rEÅav;NrdKU a&Tjrif;vufzufajcmuf OD;xGef;vdIif paom 'g,umwdkU pkaygif;0,f,lvSL'gef;aom r*Fvmwdkufa[mif;\ taemufajrmufbuf ajruGufvyfwGif 0dyóemoufoufjyaom ]]r*Fvmr*¾if&dyfom}} ay:aygufvm\/ xdk&dyfom0if;twGif;ü w&m;"r®m½HkBuD;udk OD;cspfaqG?a':rrwdkUu aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;\/ q&mawmfBuD;\ bkef;uHrSmvnf; tvGefBuD;rm;vm\/ oufawmf56-ESpft&G,fwGif avief;a&m*gpGJuyfvmNyD; w&m;a[mrIudk&yfem;xm;um rEÅav;NrdKY mogok-sayadawOD;cspfaqG?a':rrwdkYaetdrfwGif acwåoDwif;oHk;NyD; aq;ukorIcH,l&mrS rEÅav;w&m;yGJrsm; ay:aygufvmjyef\/ anmifav;yifNrdKUüvnf;? 1955rwfvtwGif;ESifh 1956wGif16&uf a[mMum;ay;&ao;\/ rdk;ukwfNrdKrS a':a':tHk?a':a':zHkrdom;pkwdkUu q&mawmfrdk;ukwfNrdKYodkY<uvmaomtcgoDwif;oHk;&eftwGuf xif;½SL;NcH&yf? azmifawmful;bk&m;teD;wGif wdkufausmif;BuD;wpfaqmifudk rdk;ukwfNrdKYr*Fvmwdkuf trnfjzifhaqmufvkyfNyD; vSL'gef;onfudk 1956anmifav;yifw&m;yGJrStjyefwGif rdk;ukwfodkYwufí a&pufcsvSL'gef;rIudk cH,lawmfrl\/ 1957wGif rEÅav;NrdKYrSOD;aygufausmf?a':a':pDwdkUu tr&yl& r*Fvmwdkufa[mif;ausmif;wdkufxJwGif tv,füem;cdktyef;ajz&eftcef;wpfckygaom tvsm;ay100? teH12ay&Snfvsm;aom pBuøausmif;wpfaqmif aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;\/ r*Fvmr*¾if&dyfomtwGif; OD;ausmfodef;?a':wifvSwdkY aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;aom pHausmif;awmfudk wpfESpfausmfMumatmif zdzdpD;pD; w&m;tm;xkwfapNyD; (23.1.1959)wGifrS vSL'gef;jcif;twGuf a&pufcsay;awmfrl\/ 1961 rEÅav;NrdKU npOfw&m;yGJrsm;wGif wpfn?wpfnvQif y&dowfig;axmifausmf? ajcmufaxmifcefYrQ&dS\/ OD;cspfaqG?a':rrwdkU\ NcH0ef;us,fBuD;yifrqefYí vrf;rBuD;rsm;ay:jyefYusJukef&mrSum; toGm;tvmyg ydwfqdkYukef\/ w&m;emy&dowfrsm; w&m;yGJrStjyefwGifvnf; udk,fydkifum;uav;rsm;jzifh qefUoavmuf wifaqmifac:oGm;jcif;? bwfpfum;BuD;rsm;iSm;&rf;í wl&mwl&maygif;aygif;NyD; tdrfwdkif&ma&muf vdkufvHydkYaqmifay;jcif; jzifhvnf;ukodkvf,lMu\/ q&mawmf\ ESpfpOfw&m;a[mc&D;pOfrSm [dkudk<uaomf onfuarQmf? onfudk<uaomf [dkuarQmfaeonfh tr&yl&-rEÅav;-rdk;ukwf[lí NrdKY(3)NrdKY (4)vpD vSnfhywfaecJh\/

tpokdY

&efukefodkYaemufqHk;c&D;

Mogok Sayadaw

awmfvSefa&;tpdk;&? omoema&;OD;pD;XmerS qufuyfvSL'gef;aom t*¾r[my@dwbGJUwHqdyfawmfudk wynfh'um?'umrrsm; ZGwfavQmufxm;awmif;yefrIaMumifh (8.7.1962)wGif vufcH&,lawmfrl&ef &efukefodkY'um?'umrrsm; iSm;&rf;ay;aom rD;&xm;oD;oefYwGJvHk;jzifh <uawmfrl\/ &xm;vrf;c&D;wpfavQmuf NrdKYwdkif;vdkvdk? blwmwdkif;vdkvdk q&mawmfBuD;tm; vma&mufzl;arQmfuefawmhMu? pm;zG,faomufzG,f? vSLzG,f?wef;zG,f? za,mif;wdkif?yef;wdkYjzifh q&mawmfBuD;tm; ylaZmfMuonfrSm tHhrcef;yifjzpf\/ anmifav;yifNrdKYwGif blwmuGif;BuD;tjynfhrQ BudwfBudwfwdk;jzpfoGm;\/ yJcl;blwmwGifvnf; anmifav;yifblwmESifhrjcm; y&dowfrsm;jym;vS\/ &efukefblwmBuD;rS OD;oH'dkiftdrfodkY OD;oef;armif pDpOf0,f,lxm;aom xdkacwfu taumif;qHk;? aps;trsm;qHk; um;BuD;ay:ta&mufwGif ]]rifhxrf;pifBuD;eJYightavmif;aumifBuD;eJY uawmh w,fvdkufouGm}} [kq&mawmfBuD;u trdefY&dScJh\/ ]]tckbkef;BuD;vkyfaqmifaewm t*¾r[my@dw bGJU&atmifvkyfaewmr[kwf? udk,f[kwfrS-[kwfwm}} [kvnf;trdefY&dScJh\/ &efukefNrdKUwGif wpf&ufESpfBudrf? (7)&ufMumatmif [kwfwdkif;rSef&m &J&Jawmuf opömw&m;rsm; OD;oH'dkifwdkufwGif a[mMum;cJh\/ ]]'DwdkufBuD;uaq;½HkBuD;? txnftvdyf t0wftpm;awGu ywfwD;awG? qD?qef?qm;?iyd?i½kwf?MuufoGefawGu aq;awG? rif;wkdYuvlrrmawG}}[k OD;oH'dkif\wdkufBuD;ESifh ywfoufaom trSefw&m;udk w&m;a[m&if;axmufjycJh\/ &efukefNrdKU?6-xyfBuD;? bk&m;BuD;ausmif;wdkufrS y"meem,uq&mawmf OD;aum@n\yifhzdwfcsuft& 9.7.1962 naewGif oHCmawmfrsm;tm; <ua&mufMo0g'ay;awmfrl&if; y&d,wfvkyfief;eJYcsnf; wpfoufvHk;tcsdefrukefapbJ y#dywfbufvnf; ta&mufoGm;&ef av;av;eufeuf owday;cJh\/ 14.7.1962 naeydkif;wGif rEÅav;odkY txl;oD;oefYrD;&xm;wGJvHk;jzifh jyef<uawmfrl\/ tjyefc&D;wGifvnf; toGm;wkef;uvdkyif blwmpOfwpfavQmuf 'um?'umrrsm; vma&muf0dkif;tHk zl;arQmfuefawmhMu\/

tpokdY

cE¨m0efcsawmfrljcif;

cE¨m0efrcsrD 6&ufcefYtvdkrSpí q&mawmfusdef;puf&mtcef;odkY nOfhoef;acgiftcsdefavmufwGif 0if;ceJ tvif;a&mifBuD; usqif;vmjcif;? 0if;ceJjyefwufoGm;jcif;rsm; awGYjrif&\/ cE¨m0efrcsrD ESpf&uf tvdktxd opömw&m;rsm; rem;raequfwdkuf a[mMum;awmfrlcJh\/ cE¨m0efcsrnfhaeY eHeufapmapmwGifvnf; OD;ausmfodef;?a':wifvSwdkYtm; ]]iga[mwJhw&m;awGzGifhem? oabmrayguf&if xyfumxyfumem? avmu"HvdIif;'PfcHEdkifatmif w&m;udkMuyfMuyf½Iyg/ igajymwJhtwdkif; vdkufemae&pfMu}} [kqHk;rcJh\/ xdkaeYüausmif;wGif usif;yaom oHCmtyg; (200)ausmf aeYqGrf;uyfyGJwGifvnf; q&mawmfudk,fwdkif<ua&muftm;ay;? {nfhcHEIwfqufawmfrlcJhao;\/ (17.10.1962) aeYv,f 1em&Drdepf20wGif ]]cE¨m&dSolwdkif; cHpm; &rnfh a0'emudk ausmfvGefatmif½IMu? rarhravsmh ae&pfMu}[k qHk;rMo0g'ay;awmfrlNyD; w&m;ESvHk;oGif;vsuf cE¨m0efcsawmfrl\/

tpokdY

psmyetcrf;tem;usif;yjcif;

Bone Relics [mogok sayadaw]

(2)vcGJMumrS rD;oN*ØK[frnfjzpfaom q&mawmfBuD;\ ½kyfuvmyfawmftwGif;odkY pdwfcs&atmif[kqdkum (7)&ufvHk;vHk; aq;xdk;oGif;wdkif; aoG;pdrf;&Sif&Sifrsm; yef;xGufae\/ aq;oGif;NyD;aomtcg ½kyfuvmyfawmfrSm tenf;i,fawmifhwif;oGm;\/ aq;oGif;vdkufaom'PfaMumifh ½kyfuvmyfawmfrSm tndKuGufrsm; ay:vmaomfvnf; aemuf&ufrsm;wGif tom;awmfrsm; 0g0if;vmNyD; usdef;pufaeouJhodkY xif&\/ ½kyfuvmyfawmfudk te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS vma&mufzl;arQmfMuaom y&dowfrsm;rSm wpfaeYxufwpfaeY eye Relic [mogok sayadaw]rsm;írsm;ívm&m &dyfom0if;BuD;tjynfhrQjzpfvm\/ ½kyfuvmyfawmfudk ydkíus,f0ef;aom OD;cspfaqG?a':rr w&m;"r®m½HkxJodkYajymif;a&GU tylaZmfcHxm;&\/ q&mawmf\ <uif;usef&pfaom ½kyfuvmyfawmfudk tr&yl&NrdKY tdk;awmf&yf&dS yGJawmftif;uGif;jyifwGif (7)&ufwdkifwdkif rBuKHpzl;avmufatmif pnfum;odkufNrdKufpGm ylaZmfMu\/ (8.1.1963)wGif q&mawmf\ ½kyfuvmyfawmfudk A[dkr@yfrS OD;ausmfodef;? a':wifvSwdkY\ {nfhcHr@yfodkYyifhaqmifvmpOf vltkyfBuD;tay:rS ysm;aumifrsm; ysHoef;vdkufvmNyD; ½kyfuvmyfawmfra&mufrD (2)rdepftvdkwGif r@yfrkwfqdwfwGif 0ifa&mufodkufzGJUpGJtHkMu\/ ½kyfuvmyfawmfudk rD;roN*ØK[fbJ ½kyfuvmyftwdkif;xm;NyD; ylaZmfudk;uG,fvdkaom wynfhtcsdKYu rD;½dIUcgeD;wGif tHkeJYusif;eJY toif;zGJU vk,lrnf[k BuHpnfxm;aomfvnf; acgif;aqmifjzpfol OD;xGef;wif\ZeD;onf rD;rzGm;Edkifjzpfaeaom ta&;ay:udpöaMumifh tavmif;vkzdkYudpövnf; ysufjy,foGm;&awmh\/ xdkifuefawmhp&m ae&mr&dSavmufatmif rsm;jym;vSaom wpfodef;ausmf? ESpfodef;cefY&dS vlxky&dowfBuD;rsufarSmufü (9.1.1963) rGef;vGJ2-em&D? 30-rdepfwGif eYHomxif;rD;wdkYjzifh ½kyfuvmyfawmfudk pwifrD;½dIUyg\/ eHYomxif;rsm;udk rD;pwifpGJavmifNyD; em&D0ufausmfrSom ½kyfuvmyfawmfudk wjznf;jznf; rD;pGJavmif\/ raumif;aom teHYtoufrsm;rxGufbJ arT;BudKifaomteHYwdkYjzifhom psmyeuGif;wpfckvHk; jyefYaeawmh\/ eHYomxif;rsm; rsm;vGef;aomaMumifh rD;t&dSeftm;vnf; rsm;vGef;ae\/ n9-em&DcefYwGif rD;tm;vnf; avsmhoGm;NyD tm;vHk;vnf; uRrf;avmufNyD jzpfí tkef;&nfrsm;jzifh yufjzef;um rd;Nidrf;owfvdkuf\/ tkwfyv’ifay:wGif &dSorQwdkYudk odrf;usHK;pk½Hk;vdkufNyD; toifhjyifqifxm;aom aiGtdk;BuD;2-vHk; xJxnfh\/ xdkYaemuf qmvmtdwfBuD;rsm;ü xnfhí pkpnf;um r*Fvmr*¾if&dyfomwdkY ydkYaqmifvdkuf\/ xdkYaeY noef;acgiftcsdefcefYwGif tkwfyv’ifay:rS pl;&SjzLazG; awmufajymifaom tvif;a&mifrsm; uGefYjrL;aeNyD; ta&SYtaemuf? awmifajrmuf? txufatmuf vl;vmysHoef;aeMuonfudk teD;0ef;usif&yfuGufwdkYrSjrifMu&\/ aemufwpfaeY rdk;vif;aomtcg ]]tkwfyv’ifay:rSm "mwfawmfrsm;awGYw,f}} [laomowif;rsm;xGufvmNyD; tvkt,uf 0dkif;tHk&SmazGMu&m tkwft*Fawrsm;Mum;wGif ta&miftrsdK;rsdK; t&G,ftrsdK;rsdK; "mwfawmfrsm;? t½dk;wpfydkif; "mwfawmfwpfydkif;rsm;? tcsdKYu twGJvdkuf? t>ywfvdkuf "mwfawmfrsm;yif &Mu\/ (12.1.1963)wGif trsm;a&SYwGif qmvmtdwfBuD;rsm;zGifhvdkuf&m rD;rcbJusef&pfaom oli,ftdrfrysufonfh rsufvHk;awmfwpfpHk? csdwfqufqufaeaom vufqpft½kd;awmfrsm;? t&G,f pHk? ta&mifpHk"mwfawmfrsm;ESifh oGm;awmfrsm;?tHawmfrsm; wdkYudk tHhMozG,fzl;awGU&\/ qifaq;vdyfukrÜPD OD;aomif;tdrfü t½kd;awmfrsm;u "mwfawmfjzpfvsuf &Hzef&Hcg a&mifjcnfawmfuGefYjrL;aeonfudk zl;awGYEdkifyg\/ ½kyfuvmyfawmftm; aq;oGif;aq;xdk;&mrS yef;xGufvmaomaoG;pdrf;rsm;udk odrf;qnf;xm;&mwGif rormvlwpfpku cdk;,lNyD; avmuDa&;&mrsm;wGiftoHk;csjcif;? rsufvHk;awmfudkvnf; ntcsdef apmifha&Smufolrsm; tvpfwGifyifhaqmif&ef BuHpnfaeonfudk od&dS&jcif;wdkYaMumifhtr&yl&NrdKYwGif r*Fvm"mwk apwDawmfudk ta&;wBuD;wnfxm;NyD; rsufvHk;awmfwpfvHk;? "mwfawmfwpfydkif;t½dk;awmfwpfydkif;rsm;? qHawmfrSjzpfaom"mwfawmfrsm;? csdwfqufjzpfaeaom vufqpft½dk;awmfrsm;? aoG;rSjzpfaom "mwfawmfrsm;ponfwdkYudk aqmvsifpGm Xmyemvdkuf&jcif;jzpf\/ usef&pfaom rsufvHk;awmfwpfvHk;udk rdk;ukwfNrdKUr*FvmwdkufwGif ,ckwdkif zl;ajrmfEdkifyg\/ rdkk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½kyfuvmyfawmfudk rD;oN*ØK[f&mrS <uif;usef&pfaomjymrsm;udk a&pdrfodrf;xm;&mrS ESpfaygif;(20)ausmf tMumwGif "mwfawmftvHk;rsm;jzpfay:vmonfudk pma&;q&mrBuD;a':a&T0gpdeftdrfwGif zl;jrifEdkifyg\/ t0dZÆmrS 0dZÆmodkYw&m;tvSLawmfvkyfief;wGifvnf; a':a&T0gpdefvSL'gef;xm;aom "mwfawmfrsm;udk zl;arQmfEdkifyg\/

tpokdY

q&mawmfBuD;\ajymifajrmufaomtqHk;trrsm;

noef;acgifavmuftxd tdyfraysmfbJ rsufvHk;aMumif aMumifaeaMumif; avQmufrdaom a':a':tHk? a':a':zHkwdkYtm; cifAsm;wdkY[mu y&dwf&GwfvdkYvnf;r&? ur®0gzwfvdkYvnf;r&wJh ypönf;wapöajcmufaevdkY tdyfraysmfwm? ypönf;pGJao&ifwapöjzpfr,f?ruRwfbJajcmufvSefYaevdkY cifAsm;om;orD;awGu usKyfudkvmyifhNyD; ur®0gzwf ESifxkwfcH&wJhtxd ra&mufygapeJY? w&m;tm;xkwfprf;yg[k xdxdrdrdjyif;jyif;xefxef qHk;rzl;\/ ausmif;trBuD;wdkY\ om;OD;jrifh?OD;atmifausmfwdkYudkvnf; ]]avmb?a'go?arm[OD;pD;NyD;rS&wJh avmuD(ausmuf)vkyfief;u tusdK;ay;rjzLpifbl;? ÓPfOD;pD;NyD;vkyfwJhtvkyfurS tusdK;ay;jzLpifw,f}}[kqdkum ÓPf&atmif w&m;tm;xkwfcdkif;\/ awmxJoGm;rSr[kwf tcsdefra&G;? ae&mra&G;? £&d,mykwfra&G; 0dyóemw&m;eJU tcsdefrsm;rsm; aejzpfMuap&efvnf; ]]aps;a&mif;&if;? qdkifxdkifae&if;vnf; 0dyóem½IvdkY&wmyJ? ta&mif;t0,fajympum;oHawG aysmufaysmufukefwmudk jzpfysuf½I(odae)aygh}}[k OD;atmifcsDtm; rdefUawmfrlcJh\/ [oFmwNrdKUr SqDpuf(5)vHk;ydkif&Sif OD;rm'if vma&mufw&m;tm;xkwfpOfuvnf; [oFmw&dS om;orD;rsm;xHrS ]]taz...jrefjrefjyefvmyg? tvkyform;awG ta&;qdktMuyfudkifaeMuNyD}} [laomaMu;eef;pmrsdK; cPcPvmojzifh OD;rm'ifrSm ur®|mef;cGifrSxGufí ]]b,fvdkajz&Sif;?b,fvdkpDpOfay;vdkufyg}} [kaMu;eef;pm cPcPjyefay;ae&onfudk ]]OD;rm'if..[oFmwrSm&dSwJh cifAsmh qDpuf?qefpufawG tukefodrf;usHK;rD;avmifukefMu&ifaumif;r,f}} [k tjypfwifrdefYawmfrl\/ tr&yl&om; 'umpdefu ]]w&m;yGJtNyD; t&Sifbk&m;jyef<u&if wynfhawmfwdkY b,folYw&m;em&rvJ}} ar;aomtcg q&mawmfBuD;u]]udk,fhcE¨mudk udk,fhÓPfeJYMunfhNyD; udk,fhw&m;udk,fem? emEdkifatmifBudK;pm;&pfMu}} [k w&m;tppfwGif vrf;qHk;Muap&ef trdefY&dScJh\/

tpokdY

y#dpöorkyÜg'fESifhywfoufí

q&mawmfw&m;a[maomtcg rjrif&aom y#dpöorkyÜg'foabmw&m;rsm;udk jrif&ovdkjzpfatmif uGrf;oD;vHk;uav;rsm;jzifh &Sif;jy\/ 1960Edk0ifbmvwGif OD;oH'dkifESifhtwlygvmaom yefcsDbavmuf 'DZdkif;vkyfief;ydkif&Sif OD;xGef;&ifu uGrf;oD;vHk;tpm; ydkBuD;aom yvyfpwpfcGufuav; rsm;jzifh pDpOfay;vdkaMumif; avQmufxm;&m ]]tdk..'gu jrifvG,f? oabmaygufvG,fatmif udk,fpm;csjywJhypönf;yJ? bmypönf;jzpfjzpf&w,f}}[k q&mawmfBuD;u trdefY&dSNyD; vufcH&mrS uGrf;oD;vHk;rsm;ae&mwGif yvwfpwpfcGufuav;rsm; a&mufvmcJh\/ wpfzef OD;xGef;&ifuyif wpfqifhwufí aMumif;usdK;qufyHk?jywfyHkwdkUudk q&mawmftm;pm&Gufay:wGif a&;jycdkif;NyD; xdkt&mudk yHkBuD;csJUNyD; oHk;xyfom;jym;ay:wGif a&;om;ay;&mrS yvwfpwpfcGufuav;rsm;tpm; q&mawmfhab;em;wGif y#dpöorkyÜg'fpuf0dkif;BuD; ay:aygufvmjcif;jzpf\/ uGrf;oD;vHk;wdkY? yvwfpwpfcGufwdkY? puf0dkif;wdkYut"dur[kwfyg? vdk&if;uawmh xdkypönf;rsm;rSwpfqifh pdwf?apwoduf?½kyf cE¨mig;yg;\yk*¾dKvfowå0g touf? 0dnmOfr&dSbJ rNrJjcif;? qif;&Jjcif;? taMumif;oufoufaMumifh jzpfaeaomrNrJjcif;? qif;&Jjcif;tusdK;oufoufrQomjzpfjcif; trSefw&m;udkodaom 0dyóemÓPf? xdkrSwpfqifhrNrJjcif;? qif;&Jjcif; taMumif;tusdK;rsm;jywfonfudk odaomr*fÓPf? zdkvfÓPfrsm;txd tqifhqifhjzpfay:ap&ef jzpfyg\/

tpokdY

q&mawmfBuD; jyKvkyfaom'geESifh ywfoufí

q&mawmfBuD;\ bkef;uHBuD;rm;rlaMumifh xdkacwfuacwfpm;cJhaom ydk;ouFef;? zJouFef;? befaumufouFef;ESifh urÁvmNcHKxnfwdkYrSm tvQHy,faygrsm;aomfvnf; ypönf;rsm;tay:wGif wG,fwmuyfNidrlr&dS? tvSLcH&[ef;&dSvQif vSLwwfpGefYwwf\/ 0gywGif vma&mufvSL'gef;aom tzdk;wef ouFef;? xD;? zdeyf? ,yfponfwdkYudk 0gqdkOD;0guyfcsdefwGif wpfBudrf?0gwGif;wGif vma&mufvSL'gef;onfrsm;udk 0guRwfuxdefyGJwGif wpfBudrf r*FvmwdkufoHCmawmfrsm;ESifh tjcm;ausmif;wdkufrsm;rS av;pm;zG,fax&fBuD;0gBuD; t&SifjrwfwdkYtm; wpfckrusef tukefrJcsí vSLypfwwf\/ xdk'geaMumifhvnf; q&mawmfhwGif vSLzG,fypönf;rsm; wdk;íwdk;íom aygrsm;aeawmh\/wpfckaom 0guRwfuxdefyGJwGif vSLzG,fypönf;u oHCmOD;a&xufrsm;aeojzifh pDrHcefYcGJay;&aom OD;uk@vu tzdk;wefouFef;tcsdKUudkz,fxm;&m ]] 'um?'umrawGu wG,fwmuyfNidwJhwPSmudk jzwfawmufNyD;vSL'gef;xm;wmawGudk igwdkYuwPSmeJY wG,fwmuyfNidaer,fqdk&if olwdkYaxG;tefNyD;om;awGudk wdkYuaumuf aumufrsKdovdk jzpfawmhrSmaygh}}[k q&mawmfu trdefY&dScJh\/ q&mawmfonf vrf;avQmuf(pBuø)<ujcif;udpöudk txl;tav;xm;jyKvkyfavh&dS\/ q&mawmfpBuø<u&mwGif wpfcgwpf&H avaumif;avoefY &aom NrdKUjyifodkY xGufwwfjcif;aMumifh tr&yl&rS OD;bwkwf?a':cifNidrf;wdkYu um;wpfpD;0,fNyD;vSLonfudk q&mawmfuvufrcHbJ jyefpGefYNyD; vdkrSac:oHk;wwf\/ rdrdtm; vSL'gef;xm;onfrsm;udkvnf; rnfonfhNrdKY? rnfonfh&Gm? rnfonfhae&m? rnfonfhausmif;[lí pdwfxJü owfrSwfxm;awmfrrl? udk,fydkif[lí odrf;ydkufxm;awmfrrlbJ {nfhonfoabmjzifhom oDwif;oHk;oGm;cJh\/

tpokdY

rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ "avhp½dkuf

i,fpOfuyif acwfudkem;vnfvufcHEdkifaom todÓPf&dSjcif;aMumifh t*Fvdyfpmoif,lcJh\/ i,fpOfu AefaumufouFef; w&Trf;&Trf;? ydk;ouFef;w0if;0if;? vufudkify0gjzLjzLav; cg;rSmn§yf? ykodrfxD; t½dk;&SnfBuD;udk tzsm;uaeudkifNyD; tjrifhBuD;ajrmufíaqmif;? ajrmuf<u?ajrmuf<u oGm;wwf\/ ouFef;udk z½dkz&Jjzpfovdk0wfwwf\/ w&m;em;vnfvmaomfvnf; xdktusifhp½dkufu usef&pfcJhyg\/ w&m;ra[mrD em&D0uf?wpfem&DcefY w&m;ESvHk;oGif;NyD;rS a[mavh&dS\/ w&m;a[mvQif tm;rmeftjynfhESifh a[mwwf\/ vufawGYqef\/ obm0us\/ roG,fr0dkuf ?y&d,m,fryg? rnfolUudkrQriJhbJ rSef&mudkwnfhwnfhBuD; ajyma[mwwff\/ xdkacwftcgu tm;enf;aeaom usifhBuHtm;xkwfzdkY wdkufwGef;aomtvkyfESifh b,fvdkusifhBuHtm;xkwf&rnf qdkonfhenf;ay;jcif; tvkyfudk tpGrf;ukefvkyfoGm;cJh\/ (jrefrmEdkifiHvGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u q|o*Fg,emwifay;cJhjcif;ESifh tusifhydkif;qdkif&mtwGufvnf; w&m;&dyfomrsm; xlaxmifcGifhay;NyD; w&m;0ifaxmufyHhrIrsm; ay;cJhjcif;onfvnf; jrefrmjynftESHtjym; w&m;tm;xkwfrIrsm; acwfpm;vmapaom taMumif;wpf&yfjzpfyg\/)

tpokdY

rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; cif;ay;cJhaom edAÁmefvrf;

rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf (1) opömw&m;emyg (2) rdrdcE¨mudk,frSm ESvHk;oGif;rSefyg [laom b,ftcsdefrqdk edAÁmefa&mufaMumif;vrf;udk cif;ay;oGm;cJh\/ &Sif;vif;wdusjywfom;NyD; em;vnfvG,faom opömtrSefw&m;rsm;udk BuD;rm;aomÓPfynmjzifh (17)ESpfvHk;vHk; tyifyef;cHa[mMum;um? trsm;jynfolwdkYtm; tyg,fab;? oHo&mab;rS vGwfuif;apcJh\/ rd½kd;zvmtrSm;pGJrsm;udk acszsufí ppfrSefaom Ak'¨bmomtESpfom&rsm;udk az:xkwfay;cJh\/ aocsmpdwfcs&NyD; vrf;rrSm;Edkifaom orm"dESifhynmwGJvGwfaomenf;jzifh edAÁmefoGm;vrf;udk udk,fwdkifavQmufjyoGm;cJh\/ rdk;ukwf? tr&yl&? rEÅav;ESifh &efukefNrdKUrsm;wGif a[mMum;cJhaom q&mawmf\ w&m;awmfrsm;onf wpfpwpfpESifh jrefrmjynft&yf&yfrSwpfqifh urÇm t&yf&yfodkY ysHUvGifhum vdkufemusifhBuHolwdkYtm; bk&m;&Sifudk,fpm; ÓPfrsufvHk;zGifhay;NyD; ok*wd ESifh edAÁmefcsrf;omodkY ydkYaqmifvsuf&Sdyg\/ w&m;vdkcsifolu w&m;em&efESifh ESvHk;oGif;rSef (w&m;xdkif)&ef aeYpOfoD;jcm; tcsdefwpfcsdefay;NyD; rjywfavhusifhoGm;&efom vdkyg\/ rdrdo'¨gw&m; tm;aumif;vQif tm;aumif;oavmuf tcsdefydk ay;EdkifvQif ay;Edkifoavmuf c&D;qHk;odkY jrefjrefa&mufrnf jzpfyg\/

tpokdY  

rdk;ukwfopömw&m;awmfrsm;

]]opömw&m;emEdkifMuygap? emwJhtwdkif; odMuygap? odwJhtwdkif; usifhEdkifMuygapqdkwJh &nf&G,fcsufeJY bkef;BuD;ua[maewm? MuyfMuyfpOf;pm;NyD; aMomf [kwfygvm;vdkY qHk;jzwfcsufcsEdkifatmifemMuyg/ em;uw&m;emyg ÓPfucE¨mvSnfhyg/ em;uMum;½Hkwif Mum;wwfwm? cE¨mudk,fxJ ÓPfuwnfhxm;rS jzpfysufjrifrSm/ a[mwJhtwdkif; ÓPfucE¨mxJrSm wnfhwnfhay; vdkufvkdY&Sd&if w&m;emwJhtqHk;rSm udpöNyD;Edkifw,f/ w&m;emvdkYedAÁmef&wmr[kwf? ÓPfpdkufNyD;yGm;vdkY edAÁmef&wmvdkYaoaocsmcsmrSwfyg/ w&m;em&if ukodkvf&w,fqdkNyD;remygeJY? udk,fh'ku©udk,fodrf;zdkY udk,fhoHo&mudk,fjzwfzdkY udk,fvkyfaew,fqdkNyD; emMuyg/ bkef;BuD;w&m;udkrBudKufayr,fh ayemMu? wdkYrBudKufwm uav;pdwf&SdvdkYrSwf? MumMumemygrsm;awmhvnf; vlBuD;pdwfaygufvmNyD; 'grSw&m;ppf? w&m;rSefygvm;qdkNyD; BudKufvmwmyJ/ 'Dw&m;u wPSmem;eJYaxmifvdkYr&bl;? ÓPfem;eJYaxmifrS&w,f/ em;rvnfvnf;em? udavomyg;w,f/ 'DÓPfw&m;udk rem&ao;vdkY&Sd&if 'Db0vljzpf&usdK;udk reyfao;ygbl;/ 'DaeYupNyD; i,frSwfawGtukefjzKwf? bk&m;a[mwmeJY q&morm;ajymwmudkom ,Hkayawmh/}} ]]bkef;BuD;ajymwJhtqHk;trawG[m ygVdawmfu[mawGcsnf; qHk;raewm? 'gbk&m; tqHk;trcsnf;yJ/ cifAsm;wdkY bkef;BuD;ajymwJhtwdkif; vdkufemusifhBuH BudK;ukwfvdkY&Sd&if aomwmyef? ou'g*grf? tem*grf? &[EÅm b,ftcsdefrqdk jzpfEdkifw,f/ qHk;rwJh q&mujzifh rvdkygbl;? vdkufemr,fhyk*¾dKvf vdkcsifvdkvdrfhr,f/}} rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\tqHk;trrsm; rSefuefaMumif;udk q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;udk,fwdkif omru jrefatmifq&mawmfOD;omoe? rauG;wdkif; ZD;awm&Gm q&mawmfOD;om*&ponfh q&mawmf\wynfhrsm;uyg wpfyg;NyD;wpfyg; "mwfawmfusNyD; oufaocHvsuf&Sdyg\/

tpokdY

a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif

ENGLISH


pGef;vGef;q&mawmf


rdk;ukwf q&mawmf


oJtif;*lq&mawmf