|
yg0ifonfUtaMumif;t&mrsm;
/ vlUb0\tqHk;? &[ef;b0\tp /
/
t½kPfqGrf;ESifhywfoufí /
/ aeYqGrf;ESifhywfoufí /
/ aiGaMu;ESifhywfoufí /
/ aocgeD;vlrsm;twGufygrusef /
/ OD;Owårom&\pdwfobm0 /
/ trsm;tusdK;aqmifvQif
udk,fhtusdL;vnf;aqmif&GufNyD;om;jzpf\ /
/ tqHk;aumif;rS taumif;qHk; /
vlUb0\tqHk;? &[ef;b0\tp
qHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif;
touf(33)ESpf jynfhonfh (21.10.2002)oDwif;uRwfvjynfhaeYwGif b0vufuseftcsdeftm;vHk;udk
tjypfvHk;0uif;pifaomw&m;awmftwGuftNyD;wdkif 
pGefYvTwfvSL'gef;um
wPSmu cdkif;aumif;atmifqdkif;bkwfqGJ? bGJUay;xm;aom? bmtESpfrSr&dSaom
vlUb0qdkonfhtcGHBuD;udk trdIufypfovdk? rpifpGefYovdk ausauseyfeyfBuD;
pGefYvTwfí odrfjzLvrf;
a'0om*& &[EÅmodrfjzLawmfBuD;wGif
bk&m;&SiftarG
xm;&pfcJhaom tvGef&cJaom? tjrifhjrwfqHk;&[ef; tjzpfudk ausauseyfeyfBuD;cH,lcJhyg\/
OyZösm,f
q&mawmfrSm oufawmf(80)ausmf q&mawmfBuD; OD;aO,som*&jzpf\/ &[ef;'g,dum?'g,dumr
rsm;rSm zcif?rdcifESifh nDi,fESpfOD;jzpfyg\/ &[ef;b0jzifh rdrdtwGuf
bmrS&,lvdkpdwfr&dSyg/ w&m; tm;udk;&if;om trsm;tusdK; aqmif&Gufrnf?
w&m;uxm;aomae&mrSmom aernf? w&m;uqifaom ouFef;udkom0wfrnf? w&m;uauR;aom
tpmudkompm;rnf? aep&mr&dSvQifopfwpfyif atmufaernf? 0wfp&mr&dSvQif
vlaoaumif t0wfrsm;udkyif ouFef;csKyf0wfrnf?pm;p&mr&dSvQif w&m;ESvHk;oGif;&if;om
taocHvdkufrnf/ w&m; uvGJvQif bmudkrStm;rudk;[laom &J&Jawmuf qHk;jzwfcsufjzifh
omoemhabmifodkY 0ifa&mufcJh jcif;jzpfyg\/ trsm;tusdK; aqmif&Guf&mwGif
txda&mufqHk;jzpf&eftwGuf vdktyfvQifrdrdvHk;0 pdwfr0ifpm;cJhaom?
ygVdpmayrsm;udkygoif,lrnf [kyif o'¨gpdwf jzpfay:vmygojzifh yxrwGif
y&d,wfpmayavhvmjcif;tjyif tjcm;vdktyfonfrsm; twGuf (2)ESpfcefY w&m;ra[mao;bJ
BudKwifjyifqifrnf[laompdwf jzpfrdyg\/ odkUaomf &[ef;b0a&mufa&mufcsif;yif
pkpnf;a&muf&dS vmaom t&if;ESD;qHk; 
y&dowftm;
tvkyfay;w&m;a[mNyD; w&m;xdkifcdkif;yg\/ w&m;jywwfrSef; odoGm;aom
OyZösm,fq&mawmfBuD;udk,fwdkifu w&m;a[mcdkif;ojzifh &[ef;b0a&mufNyD; &ufydkif;twGif;rSmyif
q&mawmfBuD;\
'umr a,m*Dwpfa,muftm;vufawGY tvkyfay;w&m; a[mNyD;w&m;xdkifenf;oifay;&mrS
wjznf;jznf; vlrsm;rsm;vmNyD; aeYpOfeHeufwdkif; tvkyfay; w&m;rsm;
wpfaeYrjywfa[mMum;jzpfoGm;yg\/
t½kPfqGrf;ESifhywfoufí
&[ef;b0tpu
t½kPfqGrf;tvSL&Sif r&dSaom eHeufrsm;wGif
t½kPfqGrf; rbkOf;ay; awmhbJ aeYvnfqGrf;cHjyefvmrS aeYqGrf;wpfeyfom
bkOf;ay;yg\/ rdrdtm;xkwfxm;aom w&m;u apmifha&Smufaeojzifh um,uH?
0pDuH? raESmuHrsm;jzifh rvdktyfwmbmwpfckrS 
rjyKvkyf?
rajymqdk? rawG;awm? rBuHpnfjcif; aMumifh txl;wvnf tiftm;ukefjcif;
r&dSonfh twGuf
t½kPfqGrf;rpm;vnf; ododomom
qmavmifjcif;r&dSvSyg/ t½kPfqGrf;pm;&&?r&& t½kPfqGrf;udpöudk acgif;xJvHk;0xnfhrxm;yg/
aeYpOfeHeufwdkif; yHkrSef w&m;a[mjzpfaomtcg
w&m;vmxdkifolrsm;u w&m;ra[mrD t½kPfqGrf; vmvmuyfMu&mrS wjznf;jznf;ESifh
w&m;xdkif a,m*Drsm;uyif
wpfywf vQifwpf&uf? ESpf&uf? av;&ufponfjzifh t½kPfqGrf;udk yHkrSefwm0ef,luyfjzpfoGm;yg\/
taMumif; aMumif;aMumifh wpfcgwpfavysufuGufolrsm;? c&D;oGm;udpö?
tajymif;ta&GUudpö wdkYaMumifh qufvuf
ruyfEdkifawmholrsm;? wpf&ufwpfav ,m,Duyfcsifolrsm; twGufvnf; yHkrSeftvSL&Sifrsm;uyif
pDpOfnd§EdIif;aqmif&Gufay;oGm;yg\/
aeYqGrf;ESifhywfoufí
qGrf;pm;yifhwm&dS&dS?r&dS&dS
aeYpOfyHkrSefqGrf;cHrnf[k qHk;jzwfxm;aomfvnf; rvkyfzl;onfh? ruRrf;usifonfhtvkyfjzpfjcif;?
qGrf;cHtxmrod jcif;wdkYaMumifh vloluif;&Sif;oGm;aom &[ef;b0tp\ naeydkif;wGif
eufjzefqGrf;cH&rnfhudpöudkom
pdwfua&mufa&muf aeygojzifh w&m;om xdkifESvHk;oGif;aevdkufyg\/ qGrf;cHudpöudk
pdwfvHk;0ra&muf awmhonfh ESpfem&DeD;yg;avmuf Mumatmif w&m;xdkiftNyD;wGif
vrf;(50)qnf;qm 
w&m;acGtiSm;qdkifrS
a':pdk;pdk;?a':jzLjzLwdkY a&mufvmum
xD;ESifhtoHk;taqmifypönf;rsm; vSL'gef;NyD; qGrf;cHudpötwGuf wpfywfwpf&uf
jzpfjzpf? qGrf;cHtdrf tqifrajyao;pOf twGif; aeYpOfjzpfjzpf? qGrf;cH<uyg&efzdwfMum;jcif;aMumifh
rdrdtwGuf tcuftcJ jzpfaeaom qGrf;cHjyóem vnf;
tqifajyoGm;ygawmh\/ aemufwpfaeYqGrf;cH pxGuf&mwGif aemufqHk;wGifrS qnf;qmodkY
0ifa&mufqGrf;cHNyD; puwnf;u wpfywfwpf&ufom qGrf;cHyg\/ wpfywfvHk;vHk;
aeYpOfaeYwdkif; qGrf;cHvrf;aMumif; topftopfrsm;csnf; oGm;vm&SmazGum
vrf;aMumif;wpfckudk wpfywfvQif wpf&uf
EIef;jzifh wpfywfpmtwGuf 
vrf;aMumif;(7)ae&modkY
oGm;yg\/ toGm;tjyef vrf;avQmufoGm;Edkifavmufaom ae&mrsm;odkYom qGrf;cH<uyg\/
rdrdaMumifhtrsm; pdwftaESmifht,Suf rjzpfapvdkjcif;aMumifh bwfpfum;pD;avhr&dSyg/
tpydkif;wGif roGm;wwf? rvmwwf? rajymwwf? rqdkwwfonfh tcuftcJrsm;&dSaomfvnf;
w&m;ESvHk;oGif;NyD;
vkyfonfhtwGufwpf&ufNyD; wpf&ufwpfenf;enf;
eJYawmh tqifajyoGm; onfcsnf;omjzpfyg\/ ESpfveD;yg;tMumwGif ouFef;r½Hkwwfonfh
tcuftcJa&m qGrf;rcHwwfonfhtcuftcJa&m tom;ustqifajypjyKvmNyD; 432 odrfjzLvrf;
a':rlrlaxG;tdrfrSvnf; yHkrSefqGrf;csdKifhvmydkYyg\/ (2003ESpfqef;rS 2006ESpfqef;txd
aeYpOfaeYqGrf; twGuf qGrf;csdKifhydkYwm0ef ,loGm;yg\/) qGrf;cH&mwGif
wul;wuvmyifhí<u&aom tdrfrsm;&dSovdk vrf;BuHKojzifh 0ifa&mufqGrf;cH
jzpfaomtdrfrsm;vnf;&dSyg\/
txl;ojzifhqGrf;cH tdrfenf;ao;aomtpydkif;wGif oufBuD;&G,ftdk &dSaomtdrfrsm;odkY
wrifqGrf;cH0ifavh&dSyg\/ qGrf;cHtdrfrsm;odkY qGrf;cH&if; ta&;BuD;aom
w&m;pmtkyf?w&m;pD'Drsm;udk ay;vSLavh&dSyg\? wpfcsdKUpD'Dtcsyfrsm;udk
iSm;&rf;ay;yg\/ w&m;&Sif;jyay;&onfrsm;vnf;&dSyg\/ qGrf;cH&if; aocgeD;
vlrrmBuHKojzifh w&m;a[may;&onf rsm;vnf; &dSyg\/ &wemjrwfoHk;yg;tay:
qGrf;uav;wpfZGef;rQ 
avmif;íjzpfap?
vuftkyf uav;wpfBudrfrQ csDíjzpfap,HkMunftm;udk;rdolrsm;udk
yifvQif tm;udk;&usdK;eyfatmif aus;Zl;wHkYjyefvdkaom
apwemtjynfh&dSyg\/
xdkapwemaMumifhyif tvSLcH,lxdkufaom? vuftkyfcsDcHxdkufaom?
,HkMunftm;udk;cHxdkufaomtarm[? tavmb? ta'go todÓPfrsm; tm;aumif;onfxuf
tm;aumif;vmatmifomtNrJ*½kpdkufyg\/
aiGaMu;ESifhywfoufí
&[ef;b0jzifh e0ur®aiGudkifNyD;oHk;pGJjcif;
vHk;0r&dS? aiGvSLjcif;udk udk,fwdkifvufcH&jcif; rsm;&dSaomfvnf; trsm;tusdK;aqmif&Gufaeonfh
t0dZÆmrS0dZÆmodkY w&m;tvSLawmfvkyfief; wGifom tvSL&Sif\trnfjzifh tvSLpm&if;oGif;ay;NyD;
wpfqifh jyefvnfvSL'gef; ay;vdkufyg\/ igr&dSwmudk tNrJodaejcif;aMumifhh
rdrdtwGufudk,fusdK;&Smcsdef
wpfpuúefYrQvnf;r&dS? rdrdtwGuf bmqdkbmrSrvdkyg/ rvdkjcif;aMumifhudk
csrf;omvSyg\/vdkvQif qif;&J vGef;vSyg\/qGrf;pm;&dS&dS?r&dS&dS aeYpOfqGrf;cHjcif;udk
rysufatmif txl;*½kpdkufyg\/ qGrf;pm;yifhvQif vufcHNyD; tvkyfay;w&m; a[may;jcif;rSvGJí b,frSvnf;
roGm;ojzifh aiGaMu;oHk;pGJp&mvnf;r&dSyg/ w&m;udpötwGuf oGm;vmp&m&dSvQifvnf;
'umtcsdKYu tqifoifh ydkYaqmifay;Muyg\/ w&m;a[m&mwGif ovdyfxGuf oufomap&eftwGuf
yHkrSefoHk;pGJae&aom jrefrmaq;tcsdKU? tyifyef;cHEdkifapaom obm0tm;aq;(ydkvef)?
acgif;&dwf
b&dwf"m;wdkYudkvnf; 'um?'umrrsm;u 0dkif;0ef;axmufyHhvSL'gef;Muyg\?
aocgeD;vlrsm;twGufygrusef
ouFef;r0wfrD vlUb0uyif oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;?aocgeD;vlrsm;twGuf
vdktyfaom w&m;acGrsm; a&G;cs,fiSm;&rf;ay;NyD; w&m;emapyg\/ ypöKyÜef w&m;em?
w&m;ESvHk;oGif;aeonfh
tvkyfaMumifh pdwfrtm;awmhojzifh om;orD; ajr;jrpfrsm;ESifh 
twdwfjzpf&yfrsm;tay:tpGJtvrf;rsm;
avsmhenf;oGm;ap\/ vlrrmrsm;twGuf vdktyfvQif uufqufudkyg iSm;&rf;ay;xm;vdkufyg
\/ aorSom aemufvlrrmtwGuf &nf&G,fNyD; jyef,lyg\/ aemufydkif; pD'DacGrsm;xGufvmaomtcg
ADpD'DpufESifhwuG trfyDo&D;pD'Dcsyfrsm;yg iSm;&rf;ay;vdkufNyD;aq;½HkwGifyg
w&m;emapyg\/
rdrdESifh&if;ESD;onfjzpfap? r&if;ESD;onfjzpfap? vlrrmtaejzifh w&m;udkem;vnfonf
jzpfap? vHk;0em;rvnfonfjzpfap vlrrm&Sifrsm;u ta&;ay:vmyifhaomtcg
aq;½Hkaygif;pHkESifh
tdrfrsm;odkUyif apwemoufoufjzifh vdkufí w&m;a[may;onfh tBudrfrsm;vnf;
renf;vSyg/ twdwfurodí b,favmufyJqdk;cJh? rdkufcJhygap aocgeD;aemufqHk;tcsdefwGifrS
tjrifrSef&í w&m;tm;udk;vdkonfjzpfygu w&m;awmf\ tcgrvifhtusdK;ay;onfhtiftm;udktjynfht0
,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh rdrdbufuawmh tpGrf;ukef tjynfht0tultnDay;NrJjzpfyg\/
aoonftxd rdkufoGm;ol vlrsm;pkxufpmvQif aocgeD;rS w&m;tm;udk;oGm;onfu
awmfygao;\/ qGrf;cHtdrfrsm;wGif tonf;toefvlrrmESifhBuHKí acwåcP tvkyfay;w&m;a[mMum;
ESvHk;oGif;cdkif;jcif; rsdK;vnf;&dSwwfyg\/ 10rdepf?15rdepf twGif;rSmyif
vlrrm\ pdwfacsmufcsm;rI ododomom oufomoGm;avh&Sdyg\/ rdrdudk,fwdkif
aexdkif 
raumif;jzpfpOftcgrsm;uvnf;
ZGwfBudwfrSdwfNyD; w&m;ESvHk;oGif;um
cH&cufvGef;aom a0'emrsm;udk
tBudrfBudrf tEdkifwdkuf EdkifcJhjcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom rdrd\ w&m;awmftay:ü cdkifNrJvGef;aom
,HkMunfrItiftm;jzifh tjcm;a0'em&Sifrsm;udkvnf; txda&mufqHk; tultnDay;Edkifjcif;
jzpfyg\/ xdkodkY aocgeD;vlrrmrsm;twGufyif aemufqHk; tcsdeftxd apwema&SUxm;ulnDcJhaom
tm;BuD;vGef;onfh ukodkvfuH taMumif;w&m;rsm;\ r,HkMunfEdkifp&mtusdK;&v'fwpfcktjzpf?
ig;ESpfeD;yg; tdyf&mxJvJum? usifBuD;rSef;
usifi,frSef;rodatmif t&Sifvwfvwf 0#fcH ae&aom tm½HkaMuma&m*gonf 
vlrrma':apmEk
onfyif (29.5.05)wGifrdrda[mMum;aomw&m; ESvHk;oGif;&if;aoqHk;oGm;aomtcg
ewfjynf vnf;a&muf? w&m;vnf;&oGm;cJhyg\/
(1) qHk;cgeD; ESpf&uftvdkwGif rdom;pk\ yifhzdwfcsuft& a':apmEk\aetdrfodkY rdrdudk,fwdkif<ua&muf a[mMum;cJhaomw&m;udk rdom;pk0if oHk;OD;u uufqufjzifh toHoGif;,lxm;NyD; aq;½HkwGif vlUb0\aemufqHk;tcsdeftxd aeYa&mnygESpf&uf qufwdkuf rjywfzGifhay;jcif;?
(2) w&m;ESvHk;oGif;NyD; aozdkYom rdom;pktm;vHk;u wdkufwGef;jcif;
(3) vlrrma':apmEkudk,fwdkifuvnf; tdyf&may:wGif vJvsufESifhyif
qHk;cgeD; ESpfem&Dausmfqufwdkuf ajymonfhtwdkif; woa0rodrf; vdkufemw&m;
ESvHk;oGif; oGm;cJhjcif;wdkYaMumifhvnf; r,HkEdkifp&m tusdK;xl;ay:aygufcJhjcif;jzpfyg\/
omrefxuf vGefuJNyD; tukodkvfuHzdpD;cHae&olwpfOD;twGufyif tcGifhta&; &dSonfqdkvQif
omref vlwpfa,muftwGufqdk ajymp&mrvdkatmifyifjzpfyg\/ pdwfajzmifhajzmifhxm;NyD;
,Hk,HkMunfMunfESifh ajymonfhtwkdif; rauGUraumuf? vdkufemESvHk;oGif;zdkYomvdkyg\/
trsm;pku cufcJvGef;vSonf xifaeonfudk (5)ESpfvHk;vHk;tdyf&mxJ
vJaeonfh vlrrmwpfOD;u jzpfatmifvkyfjyoGm;cJhjcif;onf bk&m;&Sif av;oacsFESifhurÇmwpfodef;
umvywfvHk; cJcJ,Of;,Of; &SmazGazmfxkwfay;cJhaom w&m;awmfrsm;onf tm;udk;&mtppfjzpfaMumif;
cdkifcdkifrmrm vufawGU oufaojyvdkufjcif;yif jzpfyg\/ (um,uH&Sif\ usef&pfolrdom;pkrsm;
udk,fwdkifajymjycsufrsm;udk trfyDo&D;pD'D 1-05 wGif emMum;Edkifyg\/)
rdrdtaejzifh aocgeD;vlaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmESifhBuHKawGUcJh&NyD; rdrdtpGrf;ukef
txda&mufqHk;
tultnDay;cJhyg\/ rdrdESifhudk,fwdkifrawGU&aomfvnf; rdrda[mMum;aom w&m;
acGrsm;? pD'Drsm; emMum;&ojzifh at;at;csrf;csrf; aoqHk;oGm;Muolrsm;taMumif;udk
udk,fawGUBuHK cJhonfhusef&pfolrsm;u jyefvnf avQmufxm;ajymjyMuonfrsm;vnf;
renf;yif&dSyg\/ rdrd a[mMum;onfhf
opömw&m;½IuGuf
tvkyfay;w&m; pD'Drsm; emMum;NyD;
vdkufemusifhoHk;tm;xkwf&mrS w&m; &oGm;Muolrsm;tygt0if w&m;udk &Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif; odem;vnfoGm;olrsm;vnf; tcsdefESifh trQ wdk;oxufwdk;vsuf&dSyg\/
2005ESpfv,f txd BuHKawGUcJh&orQxJwGif vlrrma':apmEk (touf64ESpf)onf rdom;pk\
yl;aygif;yg0ifrI t&dSqHk;
oufaotaxmuftxm;tjynfhpHkqHk;ESifh txl;jcm;qHk; jzpfyg\/ vlrsdK;? bmom?
qif;&J? csrf;om?usm;r? BuD;i,fra&G; owå0gtm;vHk; twGufwpfckwnf;aom
tm;udk;&mtppfonf opömav;yg;trSefw&m;omjzpfaMumif; trsm;odapvdkaom apwemoufoufjzifh
,ckuJhodkU azmfxkwfwifjyjcif;jzpfyg\/
OD;Owårom&\pdwfobm0
udpöwpfckckudk
qHk;jzwfcsufrcsrDwGif trSefuefqHk; qHk;jzwfcsufcsEdkif&ef vdktyfonfh
rSefuefwdusaom tcsuftvufrsm;&&dSatmif
pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf onf;cHapmifhqdkif; wwfoavmuf qHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD;vQifaemufrqkwfwrf; &J&ifh
jywfom;pGm vkyfudkifwwf\/ pdwfr0ifpm;tav; rxm;aomtvkyfrsm;wGif ayghayghwefwef
vkyf wwfoavmuf pdwf0ifpm;wefzdk;xm;aomtvkyfrsm;wGif *½kwpdkufvkyfwwfvGef;\/
rodcsifaom udpörsm;wGif vHk;0pdwfr0ifpm;oavmuf odcsifaom udpörsm;wGif
tvHk;pHk*CeP od&rSauseyf\/ tajymif;tvJtvGefrsm;aom pD;yGm;a&;avmuxJwGif
rdrdvkyfief;&yfwnfEdkifatmiftcsdef jynfh½kef;uefwdkufyGJ0ifcJh&onfhtawGUtBuHKrsm;aMumifh
ypöKyÜeftcsdeftcgESifh tajctaeudkvdkufí rSefuefaom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; vdktyfovdk
ajymif;vJ csrSwfvkyfudkif&mwGif tvGefuRrf;usifvmyg\/ trsm;\ tawGYtMuHKrsm;rS
taumif;tqdk;?
taMumif;tusdK;rsm;rS oifcef;pm,lívnf; rdrd avsmuf&rnfhvrf;
twGuf trSefuefqHk; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; a&G;cs,fcsrSwfwwfvm\/ tqdk;qHk;
tajctaeudk taumif;qHk;jzpfatmif ajymif;jyef vSefypfEdkifaom t&nftcsif;vnf;
tjynfht0&dSvm\/ xdkt&nftcsif;rsm;udk
trsm;\tusdK;pD;yGm;tppf aqmif&Gufonfh omoemjyKvkyfief;wGif toHk;csaomtcgwGifrl
rdrd\uHMur®monf r,HkMunfEdkifp&m jzpfatmif ajymif;vJoGm;ygawmh\/
i,fpOfuyif toufrjynfhbJ ausmif;wufcJhojzifh twef;om;csif; tEdkifusifh&efpcH&jcif;?
zcifjzpfolu tpdk;&0efxrf; (owåKwGif;tif*sif eD,m)b0jzifh e,fvSnfhae&csdefrsm;jcif;aMumifh
rdb\*½kpdkufrI tjynfht0&&dSolrsm;ESifh ,SOfvdkuf vQif pdwftm;i,f&jcif;wdkYaMumifh
udk,fvdk b0 wlrsm;\'ku©udkvnf; ulnDajz&Sif;vdkpdwf jyif;jyif;jyjy&dScJhyg\/
odkUaomfrdrdudk,fwdkifyifvQif xdk'ku© awmxJu ½kef;rxGufEdkifojzifh
rdrduRrf;usifaom ocsFmynm&yfrsm;udk eD;pyf&m twef;om;csif; ulnDoifjyay;½Hkavmufom
wwfEdkifcJhyg\/ xdkpdwft&if;cHaMumifhvnf; pD;yGm;&SmaomtcgwGif yxr(3)ESpfwm &SmazG&&dSaomaiGaMu;\wpf0uf
(odef;ESpfq,fcefY)udk vlrsdK;bmomra&G; qif;&Jom;rsm;\ ynma&;? pm;0wfaea&;
udpörsm;wGif
toHk;jyKrnf[kqHk;jzwfcsufcs&SmazGcJhjcif;jzpfyg\/ rdrd\tm;BuD;aom avmbpdwf
(vdkcsif? &csif? jzpfcsifrIrsm;aMumifh xdkqHk;jzwfcsufudk taumif txnfrazmfEdkifcJhaomfvnf;
w&m;ESifhpawGUNyD; (2)ESpftMum (31ESpft&G,f)wGifrl rdrdb0a&SUa&; twGuf
(9)ESpfausmf BudK;pm;&SmazGxm;orQ ydkif qdkifrItm;vHk; (wdkufcef;? w,fvDzkef;
ESifh um; tygt0if aiGaMu;wpfjym;rusef)udk t0dZÆmrS 0dZÆmodkY 
w&m;tvSLawmfvkyfief;
a&&Snf&yfwnf trsm;tusdK; aqmif&GufEdkifap&eftwGuf tNyD; tjywf pGefYvTwfvSL'gef;EdkifcJhyg\/
i,fpOfuyif at;at;aq;aq;aecsifpdwf rsm;aomfvnf; (16)ESpft&G,frSpí avmb\
aus;uRef pD;yGm;a&;orm;rsm;ESifh eD;pyf&mrS jym,mcwfae&rSoabmusonfh
vlUNydwåmb0 a&mufrSef;roda&mufoGm;cJh\/ (29)ESpft&G,f
wGifrS w&m;rdwfaqGaumif;wpfa,muf\
rxifrSwfaomzdwfac:rIaMumifh w&m;&dyfomodkYyxrqHk; ajcOD;vSnfhrd&mrS
w&m;avmuxJ
pwifajccsrd\/ q&morm;aumif;\tqHk;trtwdkif; udk,fwdkifusifhBuHtm;xkwfjcif;jzifh
bk&m;&Sif av;oacsFESifhurÇmwpfodef; udk,fusdK;pGefU tepfemcH azmfxkwfay;cJhaom
trSefw&m; todÓPfrsm;udk oabmusodem;vnfvmNyD; rdrd e*dkusifvnf aexdkifaom
vlYavmuwGif vHk;0&SmazGrawGU&dScJhonfh b0r&dSjcif; trSefw&m;todESifhtwl
ylp&mvnf;r&dSaom csrf;omtppfudk &dyfpm;rdvm\/ rSefuefaomtodÓPf 0ifa&mufvmonfESifhtrQ
tm;BuD;aom udavomrsm;ESifhtwl udk,fusdK;MunfhrI avsmhenf;vmum rdrduJhodkYw&m;tm;xkwfEdkifatmif
tultnDay;jcif;jzifh trsm;tusdK;udk xdxda&mufa&muf pwifaqmif&GufvmEdkifyg\/
rdrdudk,fwdkif 0ifa&mufvkyfudkif MunfhawmhrS omoemjyKavmu\ vlopfESifhvla[mif;
jy óem? vla[mif;tcsif;csif; em;vnfrIvGJrSm; jcif;?ae&mvkjcif;t½IyftaxG;wdkYudk
udk,fawGY BuHK&yg\/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; tawGUtBuHKrsm;aMumifh rdrdtvG,fwul
ajz&Sif;wwf? vkyfudkif wwfonfhudpörsm;wGifvnf;bmrStultnDay;í r&bJ vufydkufMunfhae&jcif;?
w&m;&dyfomqdkonfrSm
vltrsm;pkESifhwdkuf½dkufxdawGUqufqHzdkY tvSrf;a0;
aevGef;jcif;wdkUaMumifhh vltrsm;pkESifh qdkifaom pdwfwdkif;us omoemjyKvkyfief;wpfck
topfpwif&rnf[laom todÓPfay:vmNyD;
(1.6.2000)wGift0dZÆmrS 0dZÆmodkY trSefw&m;tvSLawmfvkyfief;udk pwifwnfaxmifjcif;jzpfyg\/
rdrdvdk trsm;vnf; rSefrSefuefuefusifhBuHtm;xkwfEdkifNyD; trSefw&m;odem;vnfcsrf;omapvdkaomapwem?
vlrsdK;?bmom?qif;&Jcsrf;om?usm;r
ra&G; (31) bHkom;tm;vHk;\tusdK;pD;yGm;udk
bk&m;azmfxkwf ay;cJhaomw&m;todÓPfppfppfrsm;jzifhrdrdvdk trsm;vnf; xdxda&mufa&muf
aqmif&GufEdkifapvdkaomapwemrsm;jzifh w&m;todÓPfrsm; xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;aom
,ckvdkw&m;pmtkyfrsdK; oHk;?av;tkyfcefY?yHkawmfrsm;? w&m;acGESifhpD'Dcsyfrsm;tm;
vdkoavmufta&twGufudk tuefYtowfr&dS ukefusp&dwfaps;&if;twdkif;
w&m;tvSLawmfvkyfief;rSwpfqifh rnfoltm;rqdk vGwfvyfpGm jzefUcsda&mif;csay;aejcif;jzpfyg\/
pGef;vGef;? oJtif;? 
rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
rsm;ESifh q&mBuD;OD;bcif?
OD;*dktifum? OD;MunfwdkU\ xl;jcm;xif&Sm;aom t&nftcsif; rsm;udk tcsdK;usus &,laygif;pyfEdkifjcif;aMumifh
udk,fawGUBuHK &aom um,uH&Sifrdrdudk,fwdkifyif r,HkMunfEdkifp&m trSefw&m;udk
odem;vnfaom ÓPf&ovdk rdrd\xdkrSefuefaom todÓPf apwem tiftm;rsm;\ tultnDjzifh
rdrd wdkY\vuf&dSoHo&m
0#fqif;&J (iga,musfm;? igrdef;r?ighacG;?ighaMumif [k txifrSm;um a,musfm;wm0ef?rdef;rwm0ef?
acG;udpö? aMumifudpörsm;jzihf wpfaeukef? wpfoHo&mvHk;ukefatmif wpfpuúefUrvyf
csmcsmvnf tarmqdkufae&aom puúefUoHo&m0#fqif;&J) 'ku©tppfudk odem;vnfaom
em;vnfoltwåuif;aeaom tewå0dyóemÓPf&atmif usifhBuHtm;xkwfEdkifNyD;
xdk0#f'ku©qif;&JrS
rdrduJhodkY vGwfajrmufaom todÓPf&Muapvdkaomapwemom rnfolYtay:rqdk tNrJwrf;
tjynfht0xm;&dSyg\/
trsm;tusdK;aqmifvQiftrsm;xJyg0ifaeaom udk,fhtusdL;vnf;aqmif&GufNyD;om;jzpfawmh\/
udk,fwdkifvufawGUusifhBuHtm;xkwfí opömav;yg;trSefw&m;\wefzdk;udk
twdkif;twm wpfcktxd ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifodem;vnfvmaomtcgwGifrS rdrdtaumif;qHk;[k
em;vnfaom w&m;todÓPfrsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKonfh w&m;pmtkyfrsm;udk t0dZÆmrS0dZÆmodkY
w&m;tvSLawmfvkyfief; zGifhvSpfí trsm;odkYjzefYa0jcif;aMumifh trsm;uvnf;
rdrdwdkYodoavmuf
taumif;qHk;w&m;pmtkyfrsm;udk aus;Zl;wkefYjyef vSL'gef;Muyg\/
oJtif;a,m*D rsm;vma&mufum oJtif;pmtkyfrsm; vSL'gef;Muojzifh vufeuftm;udk;onfh "m;jyAdkvfb0rS
w&m;tm;udk;vdkufojzifh bk&m;\om;awmftppf wpfyg;jzpfvmol oJtif;*lq&mawmf\ax½kyÜwåd
yxrwGJudk yxrOD;qHk;tBudrfzwf½I&pOfu wcsdKUpmydk'frsm;wGif MuufoD;arT;n§if;
wzsef;zsef;xatmifcHpm;&yg\/
w&m;acGrsm; wdk;csJUiSm;&rf; aomtcgwGif oJtif;w&m; acGrsm;emMum;&ygojzifh
oJtif;*lq&mawmf\ toHawmfrSwpfqifh BuD;rm;aom 0D&d,tm;?o'¨gw&m;tm;wdkU\
*,uf½dkuf ul;pufjcif;udkyg cH&yg\/rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ em;rvnfvnfatmif
trsdK;rsdK; vSnfhywf&Sif;jy ajymqdkwwfaomq&maumif;\t&nftcsif;?
oJtif;*l q&mawmf\jyif;xefvGef;aom0D&d,tm;?pGef;vGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\
vdk&if;udk wdkwdk&Sif;&Sif; xdxdrdrdajymqdkwwfaomt&nftcsif;? 0g;ausmif;
q&mawmf\ r,kHMunfEdkifp&m ZGJeyJBuD;rm;rI? r[maAm"dNrdKif q&mawmf\
tm;BuD;aom owdw&m;ESifhxdk;xGif;ÓPf? vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;rQomjzpfaom
q&mBuD; OD;Munf\ w&m;awmftay:cdkifrmaom,HkMunfrI? q&mBuD;OD;bcif\ pdwfxm;ajzmifhrwfrIESifh 
wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifaom
EdkifiHjcm;omoemjyKtawGU tBuHKrsm;? q&mBuD;OD;*dktifum\
pnf;pepfus rIESifh omoemjyK&mwGif w&m;\tiftm;udk toHk;cswwfrI xdkt&nftcsif;rsm;onf
olwdkY\ w&m;acGrsm;emMum;? w&m;pmtkyfrsm;zwf½I&mrS rdrdxHul;pufvmaom
t&nftcsif;
aumif;rsm; jzpfyg\/ vlaygif;ajrmufjrm;pGmudk acgif;aqmif í pD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkifcJhojzifh
vlwpfOD;csif;pD\ t&nftcsif;aumif;rsm;udk aygif;pyftoHk;cs wwfaom rdrd\t&nftcsif;udk
w&m;bufwGif toHk;csvdkufaomtcgwGifrl wpfurÇmvHk;?(31)bHk vHk;twGuf r,HkMunfEdkifp&m
tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; qufumqufum ay:aygufvmygawmh\/ csrf;om&SmpOfu vdkcsifonfhwPSmudk
tazmfvkyfNyD;&Smaeojzifh &SmavrawGUav jzpf&yg\/ taMumif;aMumifhjzpfaeaom
rNrJjcif;? qif;&Jjcif; tusdK;w&m; 'ku©opömom&dSonf [laom bk&m;\tqHk;trudk
vufcHvdkufemNyD; 'ku©opömudk vufcHEdkifzdkYBudK;pm; (vdkcsifrlESifh igxifrIESifh
raygif;)aomtcgrSomcsrf;omtppfudkawGYyg\/ rajymif;vJaom? cdkifNrJaomtrSefw&m;udk
pmtkyfxJ? tjyifavmuxJwGif &SmazGcJhpOfu
b,fvdkrS &SmrawGUbJ bk&m;&Sif\tqHk;trudk vufcHNyD; rdrdpdwftygt0if rdrdt&dSw&m;[k
vufcHxm;orQudk pGefYvTwfaomtcgrSom rcdkifNrJjcif;? qif;&Jjcif;?bmrSr[kwfjcif;
oufoufrQom&dSNyD; wpfckck (ae?v?urÇm? vlUbHk?ewfbHk?jA[®mbHk?
aumif;uifbHk? bmw&m;?b,fbmom?nmbmom)?
wpfa,mufa,muf (yk*d¾Kvf?owå0g?vlom;bk&m;?
xm0&bk&m;)? wpfcsdefcsdef(b,faeY?b,f&uf?b,fESpf?
b,ftcsdef?arG;aeY?aoaeU)? wpfae&m&m (b,fNrdKU?b,fEdkifiH?b,furÇm)
[k
qdkp&mvHk;vHk;r&dSaom
(31)bHk\trSefw&m;udk odyg\/ trsm;udk ulnD csifpdwff&dSaomfvnf; udk,fhavmb?udk,fha'go?
udk,fharm[eJY udk,fudk,fwdkifawmif csmcsmvnfNyD; 'ku©a&mufaeygojzifh
trsm;udpöudk*½krpdkufEdkif
atmif jzpfcJh&aomfvnf; w&m;udkom vHk;vHk; tm;udk;vdkufaomtcgwGifrl omoemrjyK&csif
vnf;ae? aocsifvnf;aoygapawmh[komoem jyKcsifaom wPSmESifh rdrdudk,fudk,f&Sifaew,f
xifNyD; ao&rSmaMumufaeaomwPSmudk pGefYvdkufEdkifaomtcgwGifrS bmrSylp&mr&dSaom
(bmrSr[kwfaom trSefw&m;om&SdNyD; ig[kqdkp&mvkH;0r&dSjcif;)oabmudk
odem;vnfvmojzifhtrsm;\ tusdK;pD;yGm;tppf
udkvnf;
xdktodtm;udk;jzifh txda&mufqHk;
aqmif&GufvmEdkifjcif;jzpfyg\/
w&m;tm;udk;vdkufjcif;aMumifh
rdrdtwGuf tcsdefra&G; bmqdkbmrSudk vdkavao;r&dSatmif tpp t&m&m NyD;jynfhpHk&yg\/
oabmusp&m (odkY) rauseyfp&m(odkY) udk,fpdwfr0ifpm;wm wpfckck&dS raeonfhtrSefw&m;udk
odonfh0dyóemÓPf w'*FjzpfvQif w'*Fcsrf;omyg\/ w'*F0dyóemÓPfrsm; ,m,Dqufquf
jzpfoGm;ygvQif ,m,D csrf;omyg\/ xdk,m,Dcsrf;omuav;rsm;udk aygif;pyfEdkifygrsm;vQif
udavom t<uif;rJhaoNyD; tNrJcsrf;omrnfjzpfyg\/ aumif;aumif;qdk;qdk;
rdrdwdkYjyKvkyfwmrSeforQonf tusdK;rJhtv[ó jzpfonf[lí vHk;0r&dSyg? w&m;vkyfNyD;
aumif;usdK; arQmfvifhcHpm;csifpdwf(wPSmudk) vHk;0jzpfcGifh ray;bJ qufumqufumwdk;wdk;NyD;vkyfoGm;zdkYom
vdkyg\/ aumif;usdK;&dSonfxifNyD;
aumif;usdK;cHpm;olig&SdonfxifNyD; cHpm;aevQif w&m;vufvGwfjzpfaeygNyD/ cHpm;p&mr&Sd? cHpm;olr&SdSonfh
trSefw&m;udk
vufcHEdkifatmifBudK;pm;rSom cHpm;csifaomwPSmaojcif;aMumifh wPSmr&dSjcif; csrf;omudk
cHpm;oligrygbJ OmPfudk,fawGYBuHK&NyD;
bk&m;&Sifazmfxkwf ay;cJhaom r*¾iftvkyf\ wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifaom tusdK;aus;Zl;udk
t<uif;rJh,HkMunfaom o'¨gw&m; tNrJudef;oGm;rnfjzpfyg\/
tqHk;aumif;rS taumif;qHk;
iSufcsif;twlwl
olrsm;aumif;uifysHEdkifvQif udk,fvnf;ysHEdkif&rnfjzpfovdk? vlcsif;twlwl
olrsm;jzpfatmifvkyfEdkifvQif udk,fvnf;vkyfcsif vQif jzpfudkjzpf&rnf[k
em;vnf,HkMunfumudk,f wdkifvnf; olrsm;udktxifrao;? rEdSrhfcsovdk? udk,fhudk
txifao;EdSrfcsjcif;udkvnf; vHk;0cHcsif pdwfr&dS/ olrsm;atmufusrSm?
txifao;cH&rSm vGefuJvGef;aom
pdk;&drfpdwf? tm;BuD;vGef;aom rcHcsifpdwfwdkYudk t"dyÜm,fvHk;0r&dSonfh
avmuD udk,fusdK;twk&Smonfhtvkyfrsm;wGif toHk;cscJhpOfu tcsdefukefoavmuf
tvGeftrif;yifyef; qif;&JcJhaomfvnf; bk&m;&Sif&SmazGazmfxkwfay;cJhaom
udk,fusdK;tppf&Smonfh
w&m;tvkyfbuf odkY rSefrSefuefuef OD;vSnfhrdaomtcgwGifrl um,uH&Sif rdrdudk,fwdkifyif
r,HkMunfEdkifp&m tajymif;tvJudk BuHKawGY&yg\/ tdrfaxmifa&; uHraumif;?
yxrtdrfaxmifa&; tqifrajyojzifh
tdrfaxmifESpfBudrfusrnf? olwpfyg;tm;oifMum;ydkUcsay;aom usK&Sifq&muJhodkYaom
tvkyfrsdK;jzifh txl;tusdK;ay;rnf[laom ukvm;aA'ifq&m av;wpfa,muf\ rdrdpdwfxJpGJxifaeapchJ
aom a&SUjzpfa[mudef;udkyifvQif vHk;0jzpfp&m r&dSawmh[k rdrd\udk,fydkifw&m;todÓPfjzifh &J&J&ifh&ifh
y,fvdkufEdkifygawmh\/ rdrd\ESvHk;om; wGif jzpfyGm;cJhaom BuD;rm;vSonfh
todtjrif jzpfay:ajymif;vJrI*,ufonf t0dZÆmrS 0dZÆmodkY w&m;tvSLawmfvkyfief;rSwpfqifh &efukefNrdKU
ywf0ef;usifESifh jrefrmjynft&yf&yfodkY xdkrSwpfqifh urÇmt&yf&yfodkU
wpfpwpfpESifh ydkí?ydkí t&dSef t[kefjyif;xefpGm tqifhqifhysHUEHSvsuf
rSefuefaom 0dZÆmtodÓPfaygif;ajrmufjrm;pGmudk vufqifhurf; jzpfay:apvsuf&dSyg\/
udk,fvufcHvdkY udk,hftwGufxm0&bk&m;&dSaeaom wjcm;bmom0ifrsm;vdk? udk,fvufcHvdkY
udk,fwu,f&dSw,f txifrSm;aeaom udk,fhpdwfeJYudk,f?udk,fha0'emeJY
udk,f ?udk,fhtrSwfrSm;onmeJYudk,f?udk,fjyKvkyfwhJ um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuH
ocFg& apwemeJYudk,f?udk,fh "mwfBuD;av;yg;
azmufjyefrI(½kyfoabm)eJYudk,f
pdwf? apooduf? ½kyfudk t&dSxifrSwfrSm;um udk,fhudkudk,f yk*¾dKvfowå0gxifNyD;
'ku©a&mufaeMuolrsm; þopömav;yg;trSefw&m;odaom 0dZÆmÓPf&ap&eftwGuf rdrd\w&m;tiftm;jzifh
vrf;nTef&Sif;jyjcif;? vdktyfaomw&m;pD'D? ADpD'Drsm;? yHkawmfrsm;ESifh
pmtkyftcsdKU xkwfvkyfjzefYcsdjcif;? w&m;tvSLawmfvkyfief;rsm;? w&m;&dyfomrsm;
wnfaqmufí ypöKyÜefESifhtem*wf&dS (31)bHkom;rsm; 0dZÆmÓPf&zdkY vufwGJac:oabmrsdK;eD;yg;
txda&mufqHk;ulnDjcif;udk
bk&m;\w&m;tarGcH om;awmfwpfyg;b0\ aemufqHk; tcsdeftxd puúefYrvyf tpGrf;ukefaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh
qyfírukefEdkifaombk&m;&Sif\ tEdIif;rJhaus;Zl;w&m;rsm;udk tpGrf;ukef jyefqyfoGm;rnfjzpfyg\/
avmu&dS ykxkZOf t½l;?tuef;rsm;u owfrSwfxm;aomxifay:ausmfMum;emrnfBuD;?
vlodrsm;rI? bkef;uHBuD;rm;rI ponfrsm;udk bmqdk bmudkrSrarQmfvifhxm;ovdk
vHk;0vnf; pdwfr0ifpm;yg? w&m;ESifhvkyfuwnf;urdrdtwGufrNidwG,f jcif;(tavmbcsrf;om)?
pdk;&drfylyefrIr&dSjcif; (ta'gocsrf;om)? tjrJwrf;topftopfaom taMumif;tusdK;
rQom&SdNyD;
igr[kwfaomtrSefw&m;udk igrygbJodjcif; (tarm[csrf;om) wdkYudk &aeNyDjzpfyg\/
bk&m;&Sifudk,fwdkif
a&SUaqmif vrf;jy&SmazG azmfxkwfavQmufvSrf; oGm;aom wpfckwnf;aomt"dyÜm,f&dSonfhtvkyfjzpfonfh
taumif;qHk; r*¾iftvkyfudk? vdkufemusifhBuHtm;xkwfcGifh&NyD; vlrsdK;?bmom?qif;&J?
csrf;om? usm;r? BuD;i,fra&G; ouf&dSowå0gwdkif;\ xm0&cdkifNrJonfh csrf;omppfppfudk
trSefwu,f&&dSapEdkifaom bk&m;&Sifudk,fwdkif aqmif&GufcJhaom trsm;tusdK;aqmifvkyfief;udk
tarGqufcHí wpfwyfwpftm;yg0if aqmif&GufcGifh &onfudkyif bk&m;&Siftm;aus;Zl;wifrqHk; &dSvSyg\/
w&m;ESifhomrawGUí w&m;awmftwdkif; vdkufemusifhoHk;cGifhr&cJhygvQif
ykxkZOfpHkvHk;uef;? t½l;wpfa,muf tjzpfjzifh Zmwfodrf;&rnfhrdrd\tjzpfonf
bmawGxif&mt½l;xavQmufvkyfvdkU bmawGy&rf;ywmjzpfOD;rnfudk awG;0Hhp&myif
r&dSawmhyg/
